Although its mechanism of action, particularly under wetland condition, is not clearly understood, vermicompost, a good source of humus and plant nutrients, has been used as organic manure in many parts of the world in order to increase crop production. Here, an anaerobic incubation study and a field study were conducted to observe the nutrient release pattern from vermicompost and its influence on performance and nutrient uptake in wetland rice. Two contrasting soils, viz. highly weathered terrace soil and very young floodplain soil, were subjected to anaerobic incubation, while the field trial was conducted in the terrace soil with control (no amendments), mineral fertilizer, vermicompost (10 t ha−1) + mineral fertilizer, cow dung (10 t ha−1) + mineral fertilizer, vermicompost (20 t ha−1) + mineral fertilizer and vermicompost (local farmer’s practice) + mineral fertilizer treatments. Results showed that there were significant increases in nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) release in floodplain soil but not in terrace soil, suggesting that nutrient release from vermicompost is soil-dependent. The performance of Boro rice in terms of yield and yield attributes improved significantly in the case of the integrated application of vermicompost with mineral fertilizer. Specifically, combined application of mineral nutrients and vermicompost (10 t ha−1) significantly increased grain yield by 25% compared to the control treatment. We believe that this occurred due to an improvement in supply and subsequent uptake of nutrients, especially N and P. Altogether, our results suggest that vermicompost could increase crop performance under field conditions, and, although these effects may not be significant in short-term incubation studies, they may be even larger in floodplain soil.
The rice bug, Leptocorisa acuta is one of the major and destructive pests of rice. The experiments were conducted to study on the extent of damage of rice bug, Leptocorisa acuta and to determine the efficacy of five insecticides. The experiments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications of each treatment. From the study it was found that the infestation rate was in linear progress and the hill infestation was 5.42 to 13.75%, panicle infestation was 27.27 to 54.55%, grain infestation was 4.70 to 7.58% and partial grain infestation was 1.82 to 2.58% respectively. After using different treatments, it was found that the maximum percent of infestation was observed in control and minimum was in Malathion 57 EC treated plot. The maximum no. of grain per panicle was observed in case of Malathion 57 EC (206.4), whereas the minimum was observed in Control (172.6) plot. Malathion and Neem oil showed similar effect when yield was compared while the minimum yield was observed in control treatment. The efficacy of insecticides was ranked as Malathion 57 EC > Azadiractin 2% > Chlorpyrifos 20 EC > Voliam flexi 300 SC > Imidacloprid 17.8 SL. The efficacy of all insecticides on the infestation of rice at different time intervals indicate that all the toxicity of all the products decreases with the progress of time after application. It can be recommended that Malathion 57 EC was most effective chemical in controlling rice bug.
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