The world's oldest medical texts have described the medicinal value of honey, and they also note that it contains antibacterial and wound-healing properties. Although honey has antibacterial properties, different microbes can contaminate it at different phases of production. Therefore, this research aimed to identify and antimicrobial activity of foodborne pathogens isolated from raw and processed honey from different supper shops in Dhaka. In this study total of 6 honey samples were collected from different sources, including three raw and three processed samples. Out of 3 processed honey samples, no pathogenic bacteria was detected, whereas Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. were detected from a raw honey sample from samples 2 and 3, located in Gazipur and Pollibidduth. All isolates were confirmed by using cultural and A set of biochemical tests. Additionally, five indicator isolates, such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas spp., and Candida albicans, were selected for the antimicrobial activity of honey. In this study, Ten commercially available antibiotic discs were applied for the zone of inhibition against test organisms and isolated bacteria. Different concentrations of raw and processed honey were applied for the growth of inhibition of indicator strain.Out of 6 samples, processed sample 1 had the highest zone of inhibition (23mm) and was sensitive to Candida albicans, followed by Pseudomonas spp., (21mm) and Bacillus cereus (18mm), respectively. In the case of raw sample 1, E. coli gives the highest sensitivity (20mm), whereas Candida albicans give a (19 mm) zone. The results indicate that the quality of processed honey is better than raw honey. Based on the result of this research, it is concluded that the antimicrobial activity of honey is comparatively good, along with commercial antibiotics. Natural honey and processed honey can be used to treat several infections.
The attachment of salivary bacteria initiates the formation of dental plaque to the acquired pellicle covering the tooth surface. This Research aimed to investigate the prevalence and antibiogram study of isolated bacteria from Tasmia dental care Saidpur, Bangladesh. In this study, we selected 200 patients (aged 20-60 years) to isolate desired isolates. 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques were applied for molecular confirmation of isolated bacteria. 55.83% of patients exhibited molar caries, 27.5% between molar and premolar, 12.5% at the incisor, and 4.17% at the cervical border. Dental caries was (P < 0.001) prevalent in age groups 31-40 (82.86%), 41-50 (72.22%), and above 50 (34.29%), respectively. In contrast to patients from high-and middle-income households, those from low-income families had a considerably higher prevalence of dental caries (79.78%) (P < 0.001). Dental caries was observed to be substantially (P < 0.001) more prevalent among the illiterate (84.0%) than among the educated (25.0%) or the very worried (8.33%). Staphylococcus spp. (33.33%), E. coli (25.0%), Streptococcus spp. (20.0%), Acromobacter xylosoxidans (16.67%) and Pseudomonas spp. (5.0%) were the most often isolated bacteria. Acromobacter_ xylosoxidans_strain_LMG_1863 was identified with 144bp in this Research. A. xylosoxidans, and E. coli were resistant to over six antibiotics. At the same time, all Pseudomonas spp.were resistant except for Ciprofloxacin and colistin. Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were also resistant to more than five antibiotic discs. Triclosan and fluoride-containing antibiotic-free toothpaste can be the best preventive methods for cavities.
Bangladeshi banknotes, like other world currencies, are passed through the hands of many people and are involved in the transmission of microorganisms, some of which are potentially harmful to health. This study aims to identify the bacterial pathogen on circulating Bangladeshi banknotes in Dhaka city and their antibiotic resistance. A total of 160 bacteria belonging to five genera such as Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were isolated from 110 banknote samples collected from different commercial areas in Dhaka city. The highest bacteria was found in 20 taka notes on the fish vendor's site. Most of the isolates were found to be highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Among the coagulasenegative Staphylococcus strains, the highest resistance was found against gentamycin (60%), followed by azithromycin (40%) and clindamycin (40%), among the Klebsiella spp. Isolated in this investigation, the highest resistance was found against clindamycin (60%), followed by ampicillin (50%). Such multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the Bangladeshi banknote is a potential public health threat, and this long-overlooked concern should be dealt with a coordinated approach.
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