Background. Dalbergia species has wide range of secondary metabolites and is traditionally used in treatment of painful micturition, swelling, and leprosy and as blood tonic. The study evaluates membrane stabilizing, anticoagulant, analgesic, cytotoxic, subacute anti-inflammatory, and depression potentials of D. candenatensis leaves metabolites. Methods. Membrane stabilizing activity was evaluated by hypotonic induced hemolysis assay, whereas anticoagulant activity is done through extrinsic pathway by measuring prothrombin time. Analgesic action, cytotoxic effect, and subacute anti-inflammatory activity were determined by acetic acid induced writhing model, brine shrimp lethality bioassay, and formaldehyde induced model, respectively. Depression activity was measured by the Open Field, Hole Cross, Hole Board, and thiopentone induced sleeping time measuring methods. Results. D. candenatensis contains phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin, quantified as 416.25 mg, 330.00 mg, and 432.22 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/100 g of dry extract, respectively. Extract showed maximum inhibition of writhe, hemolysis, and edema, approximate to 57.14%, 36.62%, and 34.1%, respectively. LC50 value for nauplii was 151.499 μg/ml. Mean prothrombin time was approximate to 31.0 ± 2.31 seconds at 1.0 mg/ml. Extract showed depression activity, and maximum sleeping time was noted to be about 141 minutes. Conclusion. D. candenatensis leaves show dose dependent membrane stabilizing, anticoagulant, depression, analgesic, moderate cytotoxic, and subacute anti-inflammatory activities.

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Plants are the major source of therapeutic compounds and have huge applications in Pharma Industry. To identify new sources of therapeutic compounds, we studied acute toxicity, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant activities of the polar and nonpolar fractions of Justicia aurea (J. aurea). Our initial phytochemical screening of J. aurea exhibited the presence of numerous secondary metabolites such as reducing sugars, glycosides, tannins, gums, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and carbohydrates which might be primarily responsible for its medicinal properties. In the acute toxicity test, the result showed no toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg. In the antihyperglycemic activity test, administration of petroleum ether fraction and water fraction of J. aurea extract to glucoseloaded mice at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW) reduced the blood glucose levels compared to control mice. Between two fractions, the water fraction was found to exhibit better potentiality at 500 mg/kg BW. In the anti-inflammatory assay, at 250 and 500 mg/kg water fraction exhibited anti-inflammation by 20.00% and 31.67%, respectively and petroleum ether fraction by 13.33% and 18.00%, respectively. In anticoagulant activity, the test indicated that water fraction has minor anticoagulant potentiality compared to control. In conclusion, the polar water fraction shows better medicinal properties than the nonpolar petroleum ether fraction of J. aurea.

ABSTRAC TThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant, antibacterial potential and HPLC analysis of methanol extract of Dioscorea alata bulb. Antioxidant activity investigated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the IC 50 value of plant extract was 24.99µg/mL. Significant absorption of extract (1.317 of 1mg/mL) showed the ferric reducing activity. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of myricetin (471.53mg/100 g of dry extract) in the highest concentration. Extract showed significant zone of inhibition in antibacterial activity test. The presence of myricetin along with other detected polyphenols might contribute to antioxidant and antibacterial activities.