The frequent occurrence of heat and drought stress can severely reduce agricultural production of field crops. In comparison to a single stress, the combination of both heat (H) and drought (D) further reduce plant growth, survival and yield. This study aimed to explore the transcriptional responses of heat shock protein (HSP) and antioxidant genes under H combined D stress in perennial rye grass (PRG). The results demonstrated that oxidative stress indicators (hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation) significantly increased, particularly in the case of combined H and D treatment, suggesting that oxidative stress-induced damage occurred in plants under the combined stresses. Transcriptional responses of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock protein 90-6 (HSP90-6), and the mitochondrial small heat shock protein HSP26.2 (HSP26.2) occurred rapidly, and showed high level of expression particularly under H and D stress. Antioxidant genes including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), catalase (CAT), copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD), peroxidase (POD), ferredoxin–thioredoxin (FTR), thioredoxin (Trx), 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx) showed response to combined H and D, followed by either D or H stress alone in rye grass. An interactome map revealed the close partnership of these heat shock protein genes and antioxidant genes, respectively. These candidate genes were predominantly linked to stress responses and antioxidant defense in plants. These findings may advance our understanding about the HSP and the antioxidant genes underlying combined abiotic stress response and tolerance in perennial rye grass.
Background: The first major outbreak in Bangladesh was reported in 2008 in Rajshahi and Chapainawabgonj. It then re-emerged in 2013, 2014 and 2015 mostly in Dhaka and other parts of Bangladesh, with a notable outbreak in December 2016 according to a report. It is a statistical report on the data retrieved from chikungunya patients in the Chittagong area, specifically in relation to age, gender, location, symptoms and to assess the magnitude of the outbreak with an interest in identifying the potential socio-environmental factors which may be responsible for chikungunya in respect to Chittagong.Methods: Collection of reports from well-established diagnostic laboratories, as well as, limited survey data during July to December, 2017. There were 188 clinically suspected chikungunya cases in both genders ranging from 2-70 years of age.Results: The total chikungunya cases in the study area it has been found that the highest number of cases were found in the age group of 41-50 years (25%), almost equally distributed in both genders. The least (5.3%) was found in children less than 10 years of age; males having only 3 positive cases and females being 7. Amongst the total present study population, 44.4% were suffering from chikungunya.Conclusions: From our study we found that this outbreak took place in Chittagong due to consciousness. Educating the general population about its causes, effects, treatment and preventive methods should be the main target in the prevention of chikungunya.
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