This study deals with the assessment of nutritional status of rural and urban primary school going children in coastal belt of Bangladesh. Anthropometric data were collected from anthropological survey among 200 participants of twenty primary schools. Ten of these were from urban area and ten were from rural area and equal percentages of participants were taken from boys and girls who were selected randomly. The study found that rural school going children suffering more from under nutrition (Stunting, wasted, and underweight) problem where overweight and obesity is the major problem for urban children. It is also found that the health status of boys is slightly better than girls from rural area. Such as in rural area percentages of underweight girls are more than boy. But in case of urban area of Barisal the nutritional condition of girls is better than the boys. The study found remarkable deference of nutritional between rural and urban girls. Thinness and underweight is the major problem for rural girls but it is less in urban girls.
Bangladesh is a disaster affected country due to its geographical location and anthropogenic causes. Every year thousands of people are impacted by different kinds of climate induced environmental stressed. Social Safety Nets (SSNs) are non-contributory programmes that helps the poor and vulnerable community and also to reduce poverty and inequality to cope with disasters. Bangladesh government has taken initiative to alleviate poverty including the most vulnerable segment and poor people under different Safety Net Programmes. This study has been undertaken to assess the impacts of these allowance programs for increasing social and economic resiliency in household level. Both primary and secondary data were used to conduct this study. Primary data were collected through questionnaire survey, focus group discussions, and case study. Secondary data were collected from different sources including books, journals and websites related to the study. This study has also investigated how the allowance allocated to extreme poor widows, elders and disabled people can facilitate their disaster resiliency. It compares the situation of allowance receivers to the situation when they were not getting the allowance. The study found that the program has a positive impact on the basic needs like food, cloth, medicine accessibility of the beneficiaries which make them economically resilient. It also founds that although the allowance amount is relatively small and insufficient to significantly contribute to household's graduation, it often enables recipients to stabilize their earnings. The study has suggested the need to develop a number of strategies especially for the local government to facilitate successful SSN program including increasing the amount of allowance, distributing money through mobile banking system, proper monitoring in selection process are most urgent in the study area.
Biochar is widely recognized as an efficient tool for soil fertility and carbon sequestration. The understanding of its physical and chemical properties is strongly related to the type of used material, is crucial to identify the most suitable application of biochar in soil. A selection of organic wastes (e.g., rice straw, rice husk and saw dust) with different characteristics were pyrolyzed at 350 0C in order to optimize the physical and chemical properties of biochar as a soil amendment. Bulk density of biochar samples in this study varied from 0.18 mg/m3 to 0.22 mg/m3. Moisture content was in the order of saw dust (8.41%) > rice straw (7.21%) > rice husk (6.74%). Rice straw biochar had highest pH (8.80) and electrical conductivity, EC (3.45 ds/m). The organic carbon was highest in rice straw biochar (46.50%) followed by with rice husk (39.3%) and saw dust (25.3%). The total nitrogen contents of the rice straw, rice husk and saw dust were 1.78%, 1.59% and 1.11%, respectively. The rice straw biochar contents higher available P, as compared to rice husk and saw dust biochar. The rice straw biochar had higher exchangeable Ca (5.60 meq/100 g), Mg (1.70 meq/100 g). This study suggested that the rice straw biochar has a great potential as soil amendment among the three biochars for sustainable soil management.
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