This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antidiarrhoeal activity of Fimbristylis aphylla L methanol extract. Preliminary phytochemical screenings with the crude extractives demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins and reducing sugars. In the disc diffusion antimicrobial sensitivity test, the crude extractive of the whole plant produced moderate to strong antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms. The zone of inhibition was found within the range of 10.33-15.33 mm. The strongest zone of inhibition was found against Shigella dysenteriae. The extractive was found active against only a few number of test pathogens. In the cytotoxicity test by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the extract exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity by 50 and 90% mortality rates as LC 50 and LC 90 values of 5.87 and 9.33 µg/ml respectively. A moderate dose-dependent antidiarrhoeal activity was found by the methanol extract of the plant.
Thrombous formation inside the blood vessels obstructs blood flow through the circulatory system leading hypertension, stroke to the heart, anoxia and so on. The complete deprivation of oxygen and infarction is a mode of cell death. Crude biologicals and their components possessing anti-thrombotic activity have been reported before. This study was aimed to investigate thrombolytic activity of ethanol extracts of four traditionally used medicinal plants. For this an in-vitro thrombolytic study was carried out along with streptokinase, and ethanol was taken as reference standard and negative control, respectively. The ethanol extracts (5 µg/µl) of Alpinia conchigera, Lannea grandis, Aglaonema hookerianum and Tridax procumbens 24.50%, 13.31%, 11.18%, and 8.70% clot lysis, respectively. Among the extracts studied Alpinia conchigera showed significant percent of clot lysis (24.50%) with reference to streptokinase (81.08%). Preliminary chemical group identification revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, tannins and reducing sugars important secondary metabolites.
Aims: Endophytic fungi are organisms that colonize living plant tissues without causing significant symptoms of diseases. They are known as the repository of bioactive compounds. This study was aimed to isolate endophytic fungi associated with Aloe vera and to assess their antimicrobial activity against the diabetic wound pathogens that result to lower limb amputations. Methodology and results: In this study, 84 endophytic fungi were isolated from A. vera by using 5% sodium hypochlorite and 70% ethanol as surface sterilants. On preliminary antimicrobial screening by agar plug assay, 12 (14.3%) isolates showed significant antagonistic activity on the test microorganisms. Two of the endophytes were identified as Aspergillus flavus and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through morphological and molecular techniques. The fungal cultures fermented in shake flask were extracted subsequently with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. Ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts of A. flavus and C. gloeosporioides inhibited all test bacteria. The compounds in the extracts were seemed to be semi-polar in nature. On broth microdilution assay, minimal inhibitory and minimal lethality concentration of ethyl acetate extracts of the fungi were found in the range of 0.63−2.50 and 1.25−5.00 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This study reveals that A. vera harbours a wide diversity of endophytic fungi. A. flavus and C. gloeosporioides showing broad spectrum antimicrobial activity on wound pathogens may be potential sources of bioactive compounds. Further investigations should be conducted to isolate and identify the antimicrobial compound produced by these fungal isolates.
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