ABSTRACT. The tethered aerological balloon system (TABS) currently under development at NOTS is designed to maintain a captive balloon and payload at stratospheric altitudes for an indefinite period of time, taking advantage cf the region of minimum wind velocity nearly always present at some level in the lower stratosphere. The system consists of (1) a conventional polyethylene balloon fitted with a self-deploying reefing system to reduce lateral drag; (Z) an airborne telemetry-command package capable of monitoring up to six aerological or other parameters concurrently (additional packages may be distributed along the tether as needed); (3) a NOTS-developed glass fiber tether having a tensile strengtlh comparable to that of steel, at one-fourth the latter's weight, lztbricaLed in splice-frcc lcngtha exceeding 100,000 feet; and (4) a mobile ground vehicle from which all functions subsequent to launch can be performed, carrying a crew, control winch, and equipment to communicate with a ground telemetry and command station; the vehicle can run with the wind to reduce lateral drag loads on ascent or descent. The system is expected to become operational the fall of 1965. Various uses and possible further developments of such a stratospheric moored platform are discussed, including applications to manned systems.
Metalaxyl was used to control Pythium diseases of carrots in experiments on farms with a history of cavity spot. The first experiment compared the method of application (sprayed, banded or broadcast) and rate (0, 1·5, 3 or 6 kg a.i. ha ¹1 ) one week after sowing. Three additional experiments compared the rate (0, 0·75, 1·5 or 3 kg a.i. ha ¹1 ) and time (sowing, 1-to 2-or 4-to 5-true-leaf stage) of application. In expt 1, the application of metalaxyl, but not the method by which it was applied, increased yield by 20% and significantly reduced the incidence of cavity spot, forking and misshapen carrots. In expts 2, 3 and 4, neither the rate nor time of application affected yield or reduced the incidence of Pythium diseases. Comparison of the sites showed that they differed in past metalaxyl usage. Metalaxyl had not been used on the site of expt 1, but had been used previously at sites 2, 3 and 4. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine whether these differences in efficacy resulted from reduced sensitivity of Pythium isolates to metalaxyl, or reduced persistence of metalaxyl in soil. ED 50 values showed that there was no reduction in metalaxyl sensitivity. The half-life of metalaxyl was 82 days in soil from expt 1, but was 10 days or fewer in soils from expts 2, 3 and 4. Thus the failure of metalaxyl to control Pythium diseases was associated with reduced persistence in soil, not reduced sensitivity of the target fungi.
The study described in this article examined disease chronicity and quality of care and their relationship to hospital readmissions during a 3-month period. Results showed that readmissions due to disease chronicity were significantly more prevalent than for other categories. Illnesses, including pulmonary disease, heart failure, and cancer, ranked as leading causes for readmission, whereas readmissions due to quality of care or complications most often resulted from a previous admission for surgery. This study's findings demonstrate that using readmission rates alone as indicators of poor care can be misleading.
An ultra-low power analog CMOS chip and a silicon based microelectrode array have been fully integrated to a microminiaturized "neuroport" for brain implantable neuroengineering applications. The CMOS IC included preamplifier and multiplexing circuitry, and a hybrid flip-chip bonding technique was developed to fabricate a functional , encapsulated microminiaturized neuroprobe device. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we have measured local field potentials from thalamocortical brain slices of rats, suggesting that the new neuroport can form a prime platform for the development of a microminiaturized neural interface to the brain in a single implantable unit.
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