For 25 years the NASA/GSFC Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) has been a major resource in software process improvement activities. But due to a changing climate at NASA, agency reorganization, and budget cuts, the SEL has lost much of its impact. In this paper we describe the history of the SEL and give some lessons learned on what we did right, what we did wrong, and what others can learn from our experiences. We briefly describe the research that was conducted by the SEL, describe how we evolved our understanding of software process improvement, and provide a set of lessons learned and hypotheses that should enable future groups to learn from and improve on our quarter century of experiences.
This study serves as an example of strategies used to increase the phage resistance of an important Irish Cheddar cheese starter, Lactococcus lactis DPC4268. It describes the emergence and persistence of a lytic bacteriophage, 4268, that has a relatively large burst size and exhibits no homology to the most common phage types encountered in Irish cheese plants. Inherent difficulties were encountered that prevented the effective introduction of conjugative phage‐resistance plasmids pNP40 and pMRC01 to strain DPC4268. In fact, pNP40‐associated Abi systems were naturally present in six of 19 starters. Control of phage 4268 was eventually achieved by generating a mutant of DPC4268, which was subsequently used for cheese manufacture.
This paper presents the management of a woman undergoing her fifth caesarean section in the presence of a placenta percreta. It reviews the incidence and surgical management of this complex pathology. Advanced planning and multidisciplinary coordination is crucial to successful treatment of this condition. There are implications for theatre staff of all professions to be confident and familiar with specialist equipment. Such cases represent a trend of multidisciplinary working that is increasingly part of current practice.
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