An unusual case of bilateral, synchronous breast cancer in a male patient who had a history of long-term estrogen therapy for prostate cancer is presented. The possible role of estrogen in the development of male breast cancer is revisited.
amaica, at 4244 square miles (6830 km 2) and with some 2.6 million inhabitants, is the largest and most populous country in the English-speaking Caribbean (Figure). The island is best known for its tourism industry, excellent rums, jerked pork, and, of course, reggae music.
The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the role of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) to determine whether it could be safely omitted for all patients who fit standard criteria, namely normal liver function tests, no history of gallstone pancreatitis, common bile duct (CBD) diameter less than 10 mm or previous history of jaundice. Data were collected prospectively from 194 consecutive patients who had LC for symptomatic gall bladder disease. IOC was not performed in any patient. The conversion rate was 6.1% and one CBD injury occurred. Our experience demonstrates that LC performed without routine IOC does not result in an increased incidence of retained stones in selected patients who have no history of pancreatitis, normal liver function tests and CBD less than 10 mm diameter.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.