All patients at the new British Columbia's Children's Hospital with chickenpox or Herpes zoster are nursed with appropriate precautions in single-bed rooms provided with negative pressure ventilation. Over a period of 1 year, no nosocomial infections were detected on follow-up of 110 susceptible patients who had been on wards at the same time as six cases of chickenpox and one immunocompromised patient with cutaneous dissemination of Varicella zoster. In a preceding study at the previous hospital, with similar staff, control measures, and patient population, in an isolation facility without negative pressure ventilation, nosocomial infections occurred in seven out of 41 susceptible patients who were on the same ward as two patients with chickenpox. These findings suggest that a simple negative pressure ventilation system without air locks is a useful adjunct in the control of cutaneous Varicella infections.
The UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) in conjunction with the Defence Evaluation Research Agency (DERA) have established a program of applied research concerned with the development of cockpit adaptive automation and decision aiding for military fast-jet pilots. The operational requirement for this cognitive cockpit project arises from the possibility of a highly automated future offensive air system, involving a mix of manned and uninhabited air vehicles. In complex, rapidly changing military environments, increased dependencies on automation present significant challenges to maintaining effective human cognitive involvement in systems functioning. A human-centered approach to system design is needed that is based on human cognitive requirements for the control of system functional purpose, decision-making usability, and effectiveness in context of use. Technology is needed to assist rather than replace the future aircrew in cognitive work with systems involving high levels of task automation. Support will be needed that is adaptive and context-sensitive, to be responsive to changing mission requirements, in particular for in-flight situation assessment and mission replanning, in other words, decision support to provide the right information, in the right way, and at the right time. Technology needs to consider the aircrew's physiological and behavioral state, adaptively responding to an individual's indications of overload, distraction, and incapacitation. This chapter describes a program of research in cognitive systems engineering that seeks to couple pilot functional state assessment, knowledge-based systems for situation assessment and decision support, with concepts and technologies for adaptive automation and cockpit adaptive interfaces. The intention is to provide a scientific quantitative assessment of a broad range of options for intelligent pilot-aiding. This is to be based on sound cognitive systems engineering principles for system cognitive control, which keeps the pilot in control of the system, rather than the system controlling the pilot. "R2D2" intelligent agent cooperating with the pilot as a Human-Electronic Crewmember (HEC) team, raising issues of human-computer teamwork, trust, technology capability maturity, cognitive requirements, and architectures
Dr MC Bonner looks at the nature of solid oral dosage forms, the absorption of drugs into the body from them and highlights instances where the crushing or breaking of them may not be suitable.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.