Objectives: Since it has been suggested that moderate alcohol drinking would increase insulin sensitivity, which could benefit Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), the study aimed at evaluating alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and seeing whether this consumption influences GDM detection and maternal/perinatal outcomes. Study design: Women with already known diabetes and those with multiple pregnancy were excluded. All other pregnant women attending antenatal care unit of the university clinics, Kinshasa, DR Congo during the period from 1 March throughout 31 October 2010, were invited at 24-week gestation to enroll in O'Sullivan blood glucose testing and if eligible in 100-gram oral glucose tolerance test. Alcohol consumption, risk factors for GDM, and general characteristics such as age, parity, gestity, BMI, fat mass were registered. Diagnosed GDM was first treated with diet and exercise, thereafter with Metformin, and if necessary with insulin. For other (normal) women data remained blinded until confinement. Maternal and infant's adverse outcomes such as maternal urinary infection, preeclampsia, cesarean section, intrauterine growth retardation, birth weight < 2500 g, birth weight ≥ 3800 g (as stated > percentile 90 in our milieu), Apgar score at the first minute < 7, shoulder dystocia or other birth injury, neonatal hypoglycemia and fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) were compared and analyzed according to GDM diagnosis as well to alcohol status. Results: Up to 240 pregnant women accepted to enroll into the study. Alcohol consumption concerned 78 (32.5%) of the women, most of them (61 = 25.42%) being heavy consumers. Risk factors for GDM and Physical and blood glucose characteristics were alike (p not significant) in both consumers and non consumers, except for history of HTA in the family that was significantly more frequent (p = 0.02) among drinkers. GDM's prevalence was 9%. No adverse outcome was more prominent in any subgroup, except Apgar score < 7 at the first minute that was more frequent (p = 0.038) among neonates of GDM mothers. No FAS, neither shoulder dystocia nor neonatal hypoglycemia were diagnosed. When alcohol status was considered, Birthweight ≥ 3800 g was found more frequent (p = 0.0284) in alcohol consumers than in abstainers. Risk of this outcome was three times higher when history of family hypertension was present (odds ratio 2.694; CI: 0.536 -13.544). Conclusions: The prevalence of alcohol consumption by pregnant women of our series (32.5%) seems not to impact the detection of GDM (9%). FAS was not diagnosed. Lack of significant differences in adverse outcomes between GDM and non GDM could be attributed to huge follow-up of GDM women. Influence of alcohol consumption on birth weight mostly in setting of familial history of hypertension remains to be addressed.

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Context: Breast cancer represents a significant public health problem concern the world, given its frequency (20% to 25% of female cancers) and diagnosis clinical stage with a particular frequency of locally advanced cancers and inflammatory forms. Objectives: To describe the socio-demographic, clinical and histological characteristics of breast cancer at the University Clinics of Kinshasa. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study was completed at University Clinics of Kinshasa from 1 January 2003 to 30 July 2018, including 300 cases of breast cancer diagnosed and treated. Results: The mean age of women at diagnosis was 47.5 ± 10.8 years. Most of the patients were married, multipara with an average parity of 3.7 ± 2.5 and non-menopausal. Breast mass was the main reason for medical visit (47.5%) and the majority of patients consulted 12 months after the onset of the disease (36.3%) at stage 3 (56%) and node extension was observed in 61.3%. The average size of the breast mass was 8.02 ± 3.7 cm. The infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common histological type in 82.5% of cases; the majority of tumors were histo-pronostic II in 47.5% of cases. 83% of the tumors were hormonal-dependent. Only 35.9% of the tumors over-expressed the HER 2/Neu receptor. Conclusion: Most patients consulted more than 12 months after the onset of the disease and the diagnosis was made at advanced stages. The tumor was large at diagnosis. The left breast was the most affected. The majority of tumors are of high histopronostic grade and are hormonal-dependent.