Water stress causes alterations in physiological and metabolic processes in plants and is considered the primary environmental factor affecting the management of sports turf grass species.This glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) on canopy net photosynthesis (Pn), cell membrane stability (CMS), turf quality (TQ) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) accumulation responses of sports turf cultivars [Cv] (100% fescue, Rootzone and Arena sports) subjected to water stress. Commercially obtained sods of turf plants were treated with 2 L/ ha TE and then exposed 7 days after to water stress. The treatments were: (i) water untreated, (ii) water TE-treated, (iii) water stress untreated; and (iv) water stress TE-treated and the experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results showed that specifically in Cv. Rootzone, Pn was 50% higher for well water TE treated plants compared to the other treatments during the second and third week of the study. Similarly, at 14 days after application, the effect TE resulted to 35% and 50% reduction in cell membrane leakages respectively in well water and water stressed TE-treated Cv. Rootzone plants and this was statistically significant (P=0.05) different from the untreated plants. On a scale of 1-9, all turf types recorded TQ rating of ≥8 at the start of the experiment. By the fourth week of the study, it was observed that all water stress untreated plants had mean TQ (5.75) ratings lower than the minimum acceptable TQ (6). WSC content of well-watered TE-untreated plants was maintained below 60 mg/g DW throughout the study regardless of turf type. After 28 day of water stress duration, the WSC contents obtained in water stress TE-treated plants were 41%, 43% and 50% higher for Cv. Rootzone, 100% fescue and Cv. Arena sports, respectively , than in well water untreated plants. Summer preconditioning of plants with TE can be a possible management tool in alleviating the detrimental impacts of water stress in sport turf species.
This study evaluated the effects of fertilizer on growth, yield and the nutritive value of three varieties of huckleberry ("White stem", "Bamenda" and "Foumbot"). The treatments were NPK (20:10:10) at levels 0, 100, 150, 200Kg/ha and 10 Mg/ha poultry manure and the experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The Kjeldahl procedure was used for crude protein determination. The lipid content was determined with the soxlet reflux heat extraction method. The ß-carotene content was determined using spectrophotometry. Results indicated that plants supplied with 200 Kg NPK/ha fertilizer treatment had the highest plant height (66 cm) and leaf number (242) in "White stem" and "Bamenda" varieties respectively and these were significantly different from the control (P = 0.05). Leaf area was highest in "Foumbot" variety (343.1 cm 2 ). The longest tap root length and number of primary lateral roots were noted particularly in "White stem" control plants and this was significantly different (P = 0.05) from plants supplied with fertilizers.
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