Abstract-The objective of the study is to analyze the internalization of Islamic work ethics (IWE) in Malaysia ArmedForces organization (MAF). As the organization is one of the foundations of the nation's force based on its might in defending the society from external enemies, or internal conflicts, hence it is of utmost importance for every military personnel to be instilled with ethics and discipline. To achieve the targets, the government took the initiative to enact the Armed Forces Act 1972. To determine how far the Islamic work ethics has been embedded in the military and how it is internalized by the officers, the textual analysis method was used to meet the research objective. The findings of the study show that even though the organization tried its best to instill the IWE among the army officers, but the level of internalization was still unsatisfactory as it all depended on every officer's obligation to internalize it in their daily lives.
This research paper analyses the convention underpinning delimitation of Malaysia-Indonesia maritime boundaries. The study analyses international legal frameworks and customary international law, and their application to maritime boundary disputes. The research reveals that 1982 UNCLOS provides general principles and guidelines for delimitating maritime boundaries but does not offer a definitive solution to the complex disputes between states. The research concludes that delimiting maritime boundaries between Malaysia and Indonesia requires a comprehensive and context-specific approach considering legal, historical, and equitable considerations. The study recommends that Malaysia and Indonesia engage in a constructive and cooperative dialogue based on mutual respect, good faith, and pacifistic settlement of disputes. The study also highlights the significance of supporting the rule of law and obeying international law principles in fostering regional political stability. The normative juridical method of research provides a valuable contribution to understanding the legal principles governing the delimitation of maritime boundaries. It offers practical recommendations for resolving disputes between Malaysia and Indonesia in a manner that upholds international law and promotes regional cooperation.
This article addresses the issue of the accused's abandonment of an attempt as an act of voluntary relinquishment with the intention of never again resuming the crime. The study is a purely conceptual one that prolongs the discussion within the ambit of moral and legal philosophy to address the rationality of abandonment as effective mitigation considering the accused's moral intuition, prospective reasons, and motive. It endeavours to expand views on motive based on the "Renunciation of Criminal Purpose" principle outlined by the "Model Penal Code". The article is intended to offer new perspectives on both decision and sanction by exploring the question of moral and legal philosophical discretion concerning the abandonment of criminal attempts. It concludes that the essence of abandonment is a legal, philosophical problem that objective parameters cannot simplify.
This article analyses case law and literature to determine the position of bail in the military criminal justice system. The right to bail is a fundamental human right to liberty,and ensure unfairly imprisonment before trial. The criminal justice system in many countries provides for the right to bail, including Malaysia except for offences such as drug trafficking, kidnapping and crimes which carry the death penalty. However, as the Criminal Procedure Code only applies to civilian courts in Malaysia, military personnel may not enjoy the same treatment under the Armed Forces Act 1972. It is thus essential to investigate the need for the Armed Forces Act 1972 to be reformed to include the right to bail. The finding suggests that the bail should be afforded to military offender charged under the Armed Forces Act 1972 and give the option to the military authorities the discretion to release the accused on a bail, in unanimity to the element of fundamental rights to liberty.
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