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This study aims to identify effective English interaction strategies during teaching and learning sessions by preschool teachers in Kerian District, Perak. This study also identifies teachers' pedagogical skills in teaching and learning of English and the use of reinforcement and encouragement as a motivation for children to interact in English. Qualitative approach with case study design have been chosen in this study. The purposive sampling involves five preschool teachers who attended a series of English language proficiency courses in 2014. Three research instruments employed were interviews, observations and document analysis. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings highlight that the use of opportunities provided by the teachers and effective strategies such as repetition, bilingual use and parallel talk can increase English interaction among preschool children. The study concludes that the use of various effective strategies, teachers' pedagogical skills and the use of reinforcement and encouragement can enhance English interaction. The implication of this study may create awareness on the significance of preschool teachers to share their interaction skills and vary effective interaction strategies in English to improve the quality of teaching and learning for preschool children.

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Smart factories are focusing on bridging the gap between physical to cyber-physical systems through software applications. This article proposed an e cient and su cient data acquisition, storing and processing real-time monitoring information, response, and feedback in milling process monitoring. A methodology to enable integration between service oriented IoT based monitoring with interpreted information for open Architecture CNC system was presented. The proposed system comprises four main layers: the perception layer, communication layer, application layer, and CNC machine. The developed system was validated through two case studies. First, the developed system successfully enabled data ow through the validation, from CNC machine back to CNC machine. Secondly, the reading of temperature, vibration and electric current monitoring is higher for the worn cutting tool than the new cutting tool. Third, the percentage difference between new and worn cutting tools for temperature monitoring is up to 3.38 %, and for vibration monitoring, it is up to 78.93 %. Fourth, the electric current reading is proportional to cutting force as the reading of electric current on cutting insert is higher than reading before cutting tool insert with percentage differences more than 8.33% up to 20%. Based on the ndings, it was summarized that the developed integrated monitoring system is feasible enough based on the performance and highly sensitive to any changes that occurred during the machining process, speci cally on the cutting tool condition. In the future, this integrated monitoring system could be applied to other Open CNC machine-based plug and play.