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area, length, width, thickness, surface area, geometric mean diameter), shape (shape index, sphericity, roundness, and elongation), and gravimetric (mass and volume) features of the 17 common hazelnut cultivars were also determined via an image processing technique.An analysis of variance was performed to test the differences among these variables in a descriptive method. We found that EFA provided excellent discrimination between the hazelnut cultivars with respect to their shape features. Elliptische Fourier-Analyse in der Formunterscheidung für türkische Haselnuss-KultivareZusammenfassung Für Agrarprodukte stellt die Form der Frucht eine wesentliche physikalische Eigenschaft dar und ist folglich ein wichtiger Parameter, der die Qualität widerspiegelt. In der vorliegende Studie wurden anhand digitaler Bilder und mit Hilfe von Formdeskriptoren aus der elliptischen Fourier-Analyse (EFA), einer formbasierten Methodik, Formvariationen unter den siebzehn in der Türkei angebauten Haselnuss-Kultivaren festgestellt. Im nächsten Schritt wurde eine Hauptkomponentenanalyse (Principal Component Analysis (PCA)) eingesetzt, um die Variationen unter den Kultivaren zusammenzufassen. Anschließend wurde eine lineare Diskriminanzanalyse durchgeführt -hierfür wurden die ersten vier Hauptkomponenten aus der PCA, die 93,9 % der Gesamtvarianz darstellen, verwendet, um zwischen den siebzehn verschiedenen Kultivaren zu unterscheiden. Die Berechnungen der Hotellingsche T-Quadrat-Verteilung (aus dem Gebiet der Abstract Shape is a crucial physical property of agricultural products and hence is an important parameter for assessing the quality standard. In the present study, shape variations among 17 hazelnut cultivars grown in Turkey were revealed from their digital images using shape descriptors obtained from elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA), which is a shape-based methodology. Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to summarize the variations among the hazelnut cultivars. This was followed by linear discriminant analysis using the first four principal components, representing 93.9 % of the total variance, obtained from the PCA to discriminate the 17 hazelnut cultivars. Estimates of Hotelling's pairwise comparisons from the multivariate analysis based on the shape variables obtained from the EFA revealed ideal shape differences between the hazelnut cultivars. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the cultivars into six clusters according to their shape characteristics. In addition, size (projected

Strength properties and dynamic coefficient of friction of popcorn kernels were evaluated as a function of moisture content in the range of 7.78-16.72 g/100 g dry solids. In order to determine strength properties of the kernels that are in terms of deformation at rupture point, rupture force, energy absorbed, hardness, and toughness of the popcorn kernels were quasi-statically loaded between two parallel plates. To determine frictional properties, friction tests were performed on aluminum, steel, and fiberglass surfaces. The values related to the strength properties, in general, decreased as the moisture content increased. On the other hand, the dynamic coefficient of friction of the popcorn kernels increased with increasing moisture content.

A b s t r a c t. The seeds of two safflower cultivars were investigated in order to determine their frictional and aerodynamic properties as a function of moisture content. The coefficients of dynamic friction of cultivars on aluminium, plywood, fibreglass and steel surfaces increased by 87, 56, 78, and 129% for cv. Remzibey-05 seed, and by 91, 31, 71, and 131% for cv. Dinçer seed, respectively, between the initial and final moisture content levels. The terminal velocities of the Remzibey-05 and Dinçer seeds increased by 15 and 11%, respectively, with increase in moisture content between the initial and final levels.K e y w o r d s: safflower seed, moisture content, frictional properties, aerodynamic properties