The objective of the study is to evaluate the cephalometric characteristics and investigate the measurement differences between habitual snorers and subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in nonobese Turkish male population. The study design is prospective and nonrandomized. The setting is sleep-snoring center of referral hospital. Total of 60 male subjects constituted OSA (n = 20), habitual snorer (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). Clinical evaluation, Epworth sleepiness scale scoring, flexible nasopharyngoscopy, polysomnography, Tweed and Delaire analysis on cephalometric images were performed. The main outcome measures include cranial base maxillary angle (SNA), cranial base mandibular angle (SNB), posterior airway space (PAS), mandibular plane and hyoid distance (MPH), soft palate length, soft palate thickness, cranial height ratio (C2/C1), cranial base angle (C1⊥C3), and craniofacial angle (C3⊥F1) parameters were compared. In comparison of OSA and habitual snorers, PAS at palatal and tongue base level (p = 0.037, p = 0.001), MPH (p = 0.07), C3⊥F1 (p = 0.001) were found statistically different. In comparison of controls with OSA and habitual snorers PAS at palatal level (p < 0.001, p = 0.01), MPH (p < 0.001, p = 0.015), soft plate length (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and thickness (p < 0.001, p = 0.056) were found statistically different. The soft palate length, PAS, C3⊥F1 and MPH were detected as the most effective four parameters in discriminating three groups. In conclusion, this study increased MPH, soft palate length and decreased PAS were identified as the determinant characteristics in OSA and habitual snoring group. PAS and MPH values reported were higher in OSA as compared to habitual snorers. The selected cephalometric data may be used as a complementary to endoscopic examination, sleep tests and imaging techniques to determine anatomic site, management plan and follow-up of outcome in habitual snorers and OSA subjects.

We report our results comprising a series of 34 cases of sialolithiasis that were approached sialendoscopically with conventional instruments (ie, basket and/or forceps) and for which stone removal was unsuccessful and so were thereafter treated with pneumatic lithotripsy. Intraductal pneumatic lithotripsy was able to fragment 30 of 34 (88%) salivary calculi in total. No major complications occurred. All 30 treated glands returned to normal function without any symptoms. We believe that the success of sialendoscopy is closely related to the success of salivary stone fragmentability.

Background Midline cervical cleft is a very rare congenital anomaly. According to a literature search, until 2014 only 205 cases were reported. Case presentation We present a classic case of congenital midline cervical cleft. This was a case of a 3-year-old Middle Eastern boy. The lesion was excised and the defect was closed via multiple Z-plasties. Conclusions Midline cervical cleft, although a rarity, when presented needs surgical treatment, which comprises surgical excision and closure that lessens the possibility of scar visibility and contracture.

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Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is defined as 30 dB or more SHL over at least three consequent audiometric frequencies occurring within three days or less. Excessive upper airway pressure during the induction phase of general anesthesia, Valsalva maneuvers, nitrous oxide administration, microemboli, and variations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure are the suggested underlying mechanisms of postoperative SSHL. We report a case of unilateral SSHL after nasal surgery combined with reduction mammoplasty, with a history of a single dose of intravenous gentamicin administration intraoperatively. Despite the early detection, intense follow-up and treatment regimens, satisfactory improvement could not be achieved in the patient's hearing level. SSHL is a possible complication after otologic and cardiac surgeries. SSHL after non-otologic non-cardiac surgery is uncommon. There is no previous SSHL report in the literature associated with combined nasal and breast surgery.

Bu makale ulusal ve uluslararası kulak burun boğaz derneklerinde yaptığım gözlemler ve edindiğim deneyimlerimden yola çıkarak ülkemizdeki mesleki sivil toplum örgütlerinin mevcut çalışmaları ve yapılması gereken girişimler konusunda görüş belirtmek amacıyla yazılmıştır. Bu yazıda, ülkemizde uzun bir geçmişi olmasına rağmen mesleki sivil toplum örgüt bilinci ve uygulamalarındaki eksikler ve öneriler sunulmuştur. Anahtar sözcükler: Sivil toplum; sivil toplum örgütleri; kulak burun boğaz uygulamaları; kulak burun boğaz derneği. This article describes some opinion on current works and tasks of occupational non-governmental organizations based on my observations and experiences on national and international associations of otolaryngology. This article presents shortcomings in the awareness and applications of occupational non-governmental organizations with relevant recommendations, despite their long history in Turkey.

Aims To evaluate the long term results of tongue base reduction with hyoepiglottoplasty as a surgical option in the treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnea. Material and Method Severe obstructive sleep apnea patients diagnosed as upper airway narrowing at the tongue base level were treated with transcervical tongue base reduction with hyoepiglottoplasty. Seven years after single stage multilevel surgery, the patients were reevaluated clinically, radiologically and polysomnographic records were taken. Preoperative, early postoperative and long-term postoperative parameters were compared to determine the success rate of the surgical technique. Results In the postoperative long-term follow-up Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) scores were reduced to 4 and 6 respectively 2 months after surgery despite the initial values of 17 and 15. BMI were decreased from 29.7 and 27.9 kg/m(2) respectively to 26 and 24 kg/m(2). The apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) were reduced to 14.1 and 16.2 respectively from 68.6 and 83.83. O(2) nadir was 55 and 66% respectively and improved to 86 and 89%. Flexible nasopharyngoscopy revealed competent airway in both retropalatal and retroglossal level. Bed partners scored snoring as 2/10 and 4/10 corresponding to very mild and moderate. Daytime somnolence and witnessed apneic periods were completely disappeared in both patients. Conclusion Open tongue base resection with hyoepiglottoplasty is effective among all other surgical corrections of sleep apnea even after 7 years postoperatively.