In order to maximize the performance of hybrid organic
inorganic
perovskite solar cells (HOIP-SCs), it is crucial to minimize the intrinsic
defect states to enhance film quality and morphology. An efficacious
approach to achieve improved photovoltaic parameters is incorporation
of an additive in the perovskite framework. In this work, an imidazolium
containing cationic conjugated poly electrolyte (CPE), PFBT-MI, with
bromide as a counterion was employed in varying concentration that
effectively passivated the ionic defects in the MAPbI3 structure
resulting in improved morphology and charge transport of perovskite
films. Incorporating the PFBT-MI CPE imparted higher crystallinity
with reduced defect states and lower charge recombination. The 1%
doped perovskite device achieved the highest power conversion efficiency
(PCE) of 19.23% in comparison to the pristine device. The counter
bromide ion reduced the iodine vacancies and minimized the ion migration
resulting in lower hysteresis in the modified device. Moreover, the
PFBT-MI modified devices gave a better hydrophobic surface retaining
85% normalized PCE upon ambient exposure as compared to the pristine
device, which contributed to the device long-term stability.
Perovskite has emerged as a promising light-harvesting material for solar cells due to its higher absorption coefficient, bandgap tunability, low-exciton binding energy, and long carrier diffusion length. These lead to high power conversion efficiency >25% for thin film-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Additionally, PSCs can be fabricated through simple and cost-effective solution processable techniques, which make this technology more advantageous over the current photovoltaic technologies. Several solution-processable methods have been developed for fabrication of PSCs. In this chapter, the advantages and disadvantages of various solution processable techniques and their scope for large-scale commercialization will be discussed.
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