RESUMENLa displasia ectodérmica (DE) es un trastorno genético que se caracteriza por alteraciones que afectan las estructuras derivadas del ectodermo; usualmente el síndrome presenta hipohidrosis, hipotricosis e hipodoncia, siendo esta última una manifestación importante para los profesionales en odontología. Se presenta el caso de un paciente que acude a consulta odontológica y en el que se identifi caron defectos del ectodermo como cabello fi no, escaso y alteraciones en la calidad del esmalte dental que sugieren la presencia de DE; además, se realizó una comparación con los tipos de DE más comunes. PALABRAS CLAVE: Displasia ectodérmica, hipohidrosis, hipotricosis. SUMMARYEctodermal Dysplasia (ED) is a genetic disorder characterized by alterations affecting the derived ectoderm structures; the syndrome usually presents hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis and hypodontia, the latter being a fairly signifi cant event for dentists. This case report aimed to show a patient who went to a dentistry appointment and where ectodermal defects such as poor thin hair and enamel quality alterations suggested an ED case; also a comparison of ED types was done.
Taking into account the substantial growth occurring among Latino populations in the United States, and the fact that some Latino populations are especially vulnerable for asthma, correctly identifying asthma cases and symptoms among persons in these populations is critical. We evaluated potential problems inherent to the English-Spanish translation of asthma questionnaires, in particular the word "wheeze," which is key to the performance of most of these instruments. 1 Two groups of participants were recruited (60 bilingual [Spanish-English] and 40 Spanish monolingual; all were New York residents who were parents of children with asthma-related respiratory problems). Institutional review board clearance was obtained. Bilingual participants were asked to (a) translate the word "wheeze" to Spanish, and (b) to retrotranslate a nonrigorous Spanish translation of the word "wheeze" ("ronquido"). This translation was furnished by an accredited translator who was experienced in medical translation. The translator was familiar with the vernacular of the population in the area where such nonrigorous translation was tested, which was a predominantly Dominican neighborhood in New York City that is affected by asthma rates substantially greater than those reported nationally. 2 This nonrigorous translation was also checked for accuracy by a second accredited translator. Monolingual participants were asked to describe asthma symptoms in Spanish. As expected, due to the local demographics of the recruitment area, the majority of our participants (84 of 100 participants) were Dominican.The word "wheeze" presented problems for bilingual participants whose primary language was English; 9 of 39 of these respondents (23%) could not translate "wheeze" into Spanish. The 30 participants who translated it provided 12 different translations for this word (eg, "tight chest," "whistle in the chest," "congested breathing," "hoarseness," "asphyxiation," "asthma," "snoring," and "suffocation"). Only two of these respondents (7%), agreeing with the nonrigorous translation, translated "wheeze" as "ronquido." In general, the nonrigorous translation fared poorly among most bilingual participants; 10 of 39 primary English speakers (26%) could not translate it back into English. The 29 participants who translated it back into
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