Background: Bariatric surgery has been considered one of the main interventions for patients with morbid obesity. Body image has been a relevant variable to access the patient's level of satisfaction and weight loss expectations. This systematic review has the aim of verifying the most used measures to evaluate body image of bariatric surgery patients, as well as the main results regarding body image changes after surgery. Materials and Methods: This study followed the PRISMA standards, and the search was made on Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases, using ''body image'' AND ''bariatric surgery'' as descriptors. Results: The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was the most used instrument. Studies revealed a lack of measures that investigate relevant topics for the bariatric patient, for instance, excess skin. A negative perception of body image was associated with the presence of psychopathology, while the improvement of body image perception was related to a better quality of life after surgery. Conclusions: For multidisciplinary teams, it is important to use measures of body image evaluation, both specific and generic, to understand whether aesthetic motivations are such an important aspect of surgery expectations and eventually identify body image distortions that should be treated with psychological counseling.

Suggested citation: Bordignon S, Aparício MJ, Bertoletti J, Trentini CM. Personality characteristics and bariatric surgery outcomes: a systematic review. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2017;39(2):124-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016 Abstract Introduction: Numerous studies have focused on psychological assessment of bariatric surgery candidates, aiming to identify which psychological variables, including personality characteristics, are related to successful surgical prognosis. Objective: To analyze, by means of a systematic literature review, longitudinal studies that investigated personality traits and disorders as possible predictors of outcomes in bariatric surgery. Method: PsycInfo, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched for studies published between 2005 and 2015, using the keywords "bariatric" AND "personality." Quantitative longitudinal studies in English, Portuguese, or Spanish were selected for review if they assessed personality as an outcome predictor of BS in people aged 18 years or older. Results: Sixteen articles were analyzed. The results of this review suggest that externalizing dysfunctions might be associated with less weight reduction, while internalizing dysfunctions appear to be associated with somatic concerns and psychological distress. The persistence dimension (of temperament in Cloninger's model) was positively associated with greater weight loss, while neuroticism (Five Factor Model) and the occurrence of personality disorders were not predictive of weight loss. Furthermore, the results indicate a tendency towards a reduction in personality disorders and neuroticism scores, and an increase in extroversion scores, after BS. Conclusions: Assessment of personality characteristics, whether to identify their predictive power or to detect changes during the BS process, is important since it can provide grounds for estimating surgical prognosis and for development of interventions targeting this population.

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ResumenObjetivo. Se buscó identificar los efectos psicológicos del cuidado referidos a depresión y sobrecarga subjetiva en una muestra de 62 cuidadores formales y 53 informales de pacientes con Alzheimer en Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana, así como conocer sus estrategias de afrontamiento y comparar el nivel de afectación de ambos grupos. Método. Se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y comparativo, utilizando el Inventario de Depresión Estado -rasgo IDER, la Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit y la Escala de Estrategias de Coping Modificada. Se analizaron las frecuencias de aparición de cada variable y se compararon las puntuaciones de los grupos. Resultados. Se encontró presencia de eutimia estado en 36% de los cuidadores informales y 21% de los formales. Además, 58.5% de los cuidadores informales y 33.9% de los formales presentaron sobrecarga subjetiva intensa. La estrategia de afrontamiento más utilizada en ambos grupos fue la religión. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el nivel de sobrecarga de los cuidadores formales y los informales, pero no entre sus niveles de depresión. Conclusión. De acuerdo con los resultados, es necesario explorar la relación entre el nivel de afectación y factores personales y sociodemográficos. Igualmente, se requiere profundizar en la relación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los participantes y su nivel de afectación.Palabras clave. Alzheimer, afrontamiento, cuidadores, depresión, sobrecarga. Effects of Caring for People with Alzheimer's Disease: A Study on Formal and Informal Caregivers AbstractObjective. To determine the psychological effects of caring, related to depression and subjective work overload in a sample of 62 formal and 53 family caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients, in Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area; becoming familiar with their coping strategies and comparing their scores in depression and burden. Method. A non -experimental, cross -sectional, descriptive and comparative study was carried 1 Avance del proyecto de investigación en curso titulado "Depresión, carga y afrontamiento en cuidadores formales e informales de pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer", realizado en el marco del programa Jóvenes investigadores e innovadores, Colciencias, 2012. 2 Especialista en Psicología Clínica. Especialista en teoría, métodos, técnicas de investigación social.

La sexualidad suele ser un tema tabú, más si se habla de esta en la vejez, pues se considera que las personas mayores no son aptas para vivirla y mucho menos para disfrutarla tal como una persona joven. Por esto, a partir de dos reactivos extraídos del cuestionario Actitudes hacia la sexualidad en la vejez desarrollado por Orozco y Rodríguez en el año 2006 y adaptado al contexto de Floridablanca, se busca conocer por medio de diseño no experimental de corte transversal descriptivo las percepciones de107 adolescentes, 68 adultos y153 personas mayores, sobre el derecho de estos últimos al amor, la vida sexual y que una persona mayor que haya enviudado establezca nuevamente una relación afectiva. Ante estos mitos se obtuvieron respuestas positivas en las tres poblaciones, la mayoría de los participantes afirman estar de acuerdo con los reactivos. El grupo etario con la percepción más negativa aunque en un pequeño porcentaje para cada ítem estudiado (15,9% y 20,6% para el primero y segundo respectivamente), fue el de los adolescentes. En conclusion, el amor y la sexualidad continúan siendo aspectos de gran importancia en la vida del ser humano, aún en etapas avanzadas del ciclo vital. Sin embargo, cada grupo generacional tiene sus propias percepciones respecto a la misma, las cuales pueden limitar o favorecer su expresión y disfrute aún en la vejez.

Objective: To test the spinal cord injury adjustment model (SCIAM) by examining whether primary appraisals (threat or loss) and coping strategies (approach-oriented and denial) sequentially mediate the impact of functional independence, psychological resources, and social support on depressive and anxiety symptoms among individuals with spinal cord injury during inpatient rehabilitation. Method: Path analyses of longitudinal data from a Swiss inception cohort study (N = 207). Models were implemented separately for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results: The initial models based on the SCIAM yielded poor fit and were respecified. Different from the SCIAM's assumptions, psychological resources and threat appraisal showed direct effects on depressive symptoms (b = -.28, SE = .07, p , .001 and b = .33, SE = .07, p , .001, respectively), while social support and threat appraisal showed direct effects on anxiety symptoms (b = -.23, SE = .06, p , .001 and b = .42, SE = .06, p , .001, respectively). Primary appraisals and coping strategies partially mediated the effects of psychological resources on depressive symptoms and fully mediated their effect on anxiety symptoms. However, this did not only happen via the SCIAM's sequential double mediation, since indirect effects were also observed via threat appraisal only. The final models explained 40 and 30% of the variance of depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Conclusions: The findings only partially supported the SCIAM's sequential double mediation mechanism. Psychological resources, social support, and primary appraisals can have direct effects on psychological adaptation outcomes and may be suitable intervention targets during

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información del artículoHistoria del artículo: Recibido el 19 de julio de 2016 Aceptado el 24 de febrero de 2017 On-line el 15 de mayo de 2017Palabras clave: Bienestar subjetivo Cirugía bariátrica Imagen corporal Obesidad r e s u m e n Los estudios aquí presentados buscaron evaluar y comparar el bienestar subjetivo (BES), la funcionalidad y la imagen corporal de personas con obesidad mórbida, candidatas a cirugía bariátrica (CB) y sometidas a la misma, e identificar la relación de los componentes del BES con el IMC, la funcionalidad y la imagen corporal, controlando las características de personalidad extroversión y neuroticismo. Participaron 48 personas en periodo prequirúrgico y 29 en posquirúrgico. Se usó la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (ESV), la escala PANAS, el WHODAS 2.0, la Escala de Figuras y Siluetas y la Batería Factorial de Personalidad. Se identificaron diferencias significativas en todas las variables, a excepción del afecto positivo, la comprensión y la comunicación y la relación con las personas. La funcionalidad se correlacionó con todos los componentes del BES y contribuyó a explicar la varianza de la ESV y el afecto negativo. Los factores de personalidad fueron más importantes para explicar el afecto positivo. a b s t r a c tThis paper presents two studies that aimed (1) at assessing and comparing the subjective well-being (SWB), and functional capacity and body image of people with morbid obesity, candidate for or undergoing bariatric surgery (BS), and (2) at identifying the relationship among the components of SWB, BMI, functional capacity, and body image. The sample was composed by 48 patients in pre-surgery period, and 29 in post-surgery. Instruments used were the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, WHODAS 2.0, the Brazilian scale of figures and silhouettes, and the bateria fatorial da personalidade. Statistically significant differences were found between both groups in all the variables, except positive affect, comprehension and communication, and relationships with others. FC was correlated to all the components of SWB and contributed to explaining the variance of life satisfaction and negative affect. Personality traits turned out to be more important than other variables for explaining the variance of positive affect.