No abstract

Herein, we describe the photochemical behavior of the porous metal-organic framework MIL-125(Ti)-NH(2), built up from cyclic Ti(8)O(8)(OH)(4) oxoclusters and 2-aminoterephthalate ligands. While MIL-125(Ti)-NH(2) does not emit upon excitation at 420 nm, laser flash photolyses of dry samples (diffuse reflectance) or aqueous suspensions (transmission) of the solid have allowed detecting a transient characterized by a continuous absorption from 390 to 820 nm decaying in the sub-millisecond timescale, which is quenched by oxygen. This transient has been attributed to the charge-separation state. Firm evidence for this assignment was obtained by lamp irradiation of aqueous suspensions of MIL-125(Ti)-NH(2) in the presence of electron-donor (N,N,N'N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine) or electron-acceptor (methylviologen) probe molecules, which has allowed the visual detection of the corresponding radical ions, in agreement with the occurrence of photoinduced charge separation in MIL-125(Ti)-NH(2).

Graphene sheets quench the singlet and triplet excited states of a series of six photochemical probes including pyrene, acridine orange, tris(2,2́-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) dichloride, methylene blue, meso-tetrakis(phenylsulphonate)porphyrin, and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,28H-porphine zinc. It was found that Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching can fit to one or two different quenching regimes depending on the probe. In addition, the quenching can be either static or dynamic depending on the fluorophore. The occurrence of several quenching regimes has been interpreted considering that quenching arises from the crowding of the fluorophore on both graphene faces, or site isolation on the graphene sheets. Laser flash photolysis has shown that the triplet lifetime of the probes generally decreases due to graphene quenching and that no new transients appear except in the case of methylene blue, where a new absorption spectrum characterized by a continuous absorption band is observed and attributed to graphene radical ion. This spectroscopic evidence suggests that the most general quenching mechanism is energy transfer from the singlet or triplet excited state of the dye to graphene. This raises the issue of determining the energy of the electronic excited states of graphene.

A modified graphene oxide containing aza-9-crown-3 ether units covalently anchored has been prepared; aqueous suspensions of this material in the presence of Li(+), Na(+) and K(+) cations exhibit enhanced electrochemical response, enhanced photoinduced charge separation and longer lifetimes, facts that can be attributed to stabilization of electrons on graphene oxide by the nearby alkali metal cation-azacrown complexes.