Purpose-This paper aims to analyze the determinants on job satisfaction in the Egyptian labor market, using Egypt's Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS), the wave of 2012. Design/methodology/approach-Several determinants are analyzed including the wage level, the paid and sick leaves, the medical and social insurance, job stability among other individual and job characteristics. To this end, an ordered logit model is estimated to assess the significance of these different variables as determinants for job satisfaction. Findings-The empirical findings indicate that wages and stability are major determinants for job satisfaction for the sample of wage workers. However, the results change according to gender; the hourly wage level affects men's level of job satisfaction, while it does not affect that of females. Furthermore, the job satisfaction of women is determined more by the job characteristics rather than the monetary compensation. Social implications-The empirical findings shed light on the importance of formalizing jobs, as it has an effect on the level of job satisfaction of both women and men.
This chapter reviews the state of social protection in Egypt using data from the Egypt Labor Market Panel Surveys of 1998, 2006, 2012 and 2018. It examines issues of social insurance coverage at work, and how coverage evolved over time. Second, it analyzes the household patterns of social protection benefits receipt, including Takaful and Karama as well as the smart food-ration cards. Finally, health insurance coverage rates are explored. The social insurance coverage gap widened among all workers, particularly in private sector wage employment. This was likely due to the expansion of outside of establishment wage work, highlighting issues of increased vulnerability at work. Moreover, the coverage gap does not close with years of work and is highly contingent on the type of first job, suggesting an informality trap. Women, and particularly rural women, and youth aged 20-24 were the most vulnerable in terms of health insurance coverage.
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