Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the optimal breastfeeding practices and itsknowledge in women of semi- urban areas of Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Pediatrics outpatient department. The data was collected in three months, from the 9th of March to the 6th of June 2021. Two hundred (200) mothers of children less than two years of age were included in the study. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to interview mothers and readings were recorded. Demographic variables and mothers’ knowledge and practices of breast feeding were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.Results: The majority of mothers belonged to the age group 20-30 years, were educated to variousgrades of schooling, underwent caesarean section, had children less than 1 year of age, and came from families earning less than Pakistan Rupees 20,000 per month. The majority also thought to initiate breastfeeding after one hour of birth, were aware of it to be the first thing offered to neonates after birth, and knew beneficial effects of breastfeeding on maternal health. Though the majority of the mothers practiced prelacteal feed and didn’t exclusively breastfeed their child but practiced awakening their child for feeding if interval exceeded two hours. Most common prelacteal feed was honey, and bottle feeding was the most preferred mode of feeding the infant. Exclusive breastfeeding was found to be significantly associated with the mode of delivery (p=0.044). No statistically significant association was found between exclusive breastfeeding with early initiation of feeding, maternal age, and maternal education. Conclusion: The present study reveals that despite awareness, ‘optimal breastfeeding’ is not prac-ticed adequately in semi-urban areas of Pakistan. Mothers should be timely and properly counseled by healthcare professionals for breastfeeding to reduce morbidity and mortality in fants.
Objectives: To compare the efficacy of administering surfactant to preterm infants using thin catheter and Intubate-Surfactant-Extubate (InSurE) techniques in terms of need of mechanical ventilation within 1st 72 hours of life. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute and Shaikh Zayed Hospital (FPGMI and SZH), Lahore. Period: From November 2014 to April 2015. Material & Methods: A total of one hundred preterm infants who developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The enrolled infants were randomly divided into two groups each comprising fifty infants. The infants in Group A were administered surfactant via thin catheter technique, whereas those in Group B by InSurE technique. The infants were monitored by clinical and laboratory parameters for the need of mechanical ventilation within 1st 72 hours of life. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. Results: Majority of the preterm infants in Group A (54%) and Group B (56%) were born through Caesarean section. Group A constituted 58% (n=29) males and 42% (n=21) female infants, while Group B constituted 52% (n=26) males and 48% (n=24) females. Mean gestational age in Group A and Group B was found to be 29.43±4.24 weeks and 28.54±3.87 weeks, respectively. Mean birth weight in Group A and Group B was found to be 1375.87+143.36 and 1392.87+129.27 grams, respectively. Efficacy of surfactant was recorded as 64% (n=32) in group A and 44% (n=22) in group B (p=0.04). Conclusion: Surfactant administration using thin catheter is significantly more efficacious than InSurE in respect of the need of mechanical ventilation during 1st 72 hours of life.
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