Networked control systems (NCSs) are attracting the attention of control system engineers. The NCS has created a paradigm shift in control system technology. An NCS consists of control loops joined through communication networks in which both the control signal and the feedback signal are exchanged between the system and the controller. However, its materialization faces several challenges as it requires the integration of advanced control and communication techniques. This paper presents an extensive review of NCSs from the perspective of control system design. The evolution of NCSs is broadly divided in three phases, namely NCSs prior to 2000, NCSs during 2001–2010, and NCSs from 2011 onwards. This division corresponds to the initial status, intermediate status, and the recent status of the developments in the design of NCSs. The advancement of different control techniques during these phases has been discussed comprehensively. This paper also describes the transition of control systems form continuous domain to networked domain, which makes it better than the traditional control systems. Some important practical applications, which have been implemented using NCSs, have also been discussed. The thrust areas for future research on NCS have also been identified.
In the current study, Bismuth molybdate was synthesized using simple co-precipitation procedure, and their characterization was carried out by various methods such as FT-IR, SEM, and P-XRD. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation of Orange G (ORG) dye using synthesized catalyst under visible light irradiation was studied. Response surface Method was used for the optimization of process variables and degradation kinetics evaluated by modeling of experimental data. Based on the experimental design outcomes, the first-order model was proven as a practical correlation between selected factors and response. Further ANOVA analysis has revealed that only two out of six factors have a significant effect on ORG degradation, however ORG concentration and irradiation time indicated the significant effects sequentially. Maximum ORG degradation of approximately 96% was achieved by keeping process parameters in range, such as 1 g L−1 loading of catalyst, 50 mg L−1 concentration of ORG, 1.4 mol L−1 concentration of H2O2 at pH 7 and a temperature of 30 °C. Kinetics of ORG degradation followed the pseudo first order, and almost complete degradation was achieved within 8 h. The effectiveness of the Bi2MoO6/H2O2 photo-Fenton system in degradation reactions is due to the higher number of photo-generated e- available on the catalyst surface as a result of their ability to inhibit recombination of e- and h+ pair.
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