Background Data on the gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of Pediatric Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is conflicting and the relationship between GI involvement and the severity of COVID-19 disease has not been evaluated. The objectives of this systematic review was to determine the GI manifestations of pediatric COVID-19 and to evaluate their role as risk factors for a severe clinical course. Methods A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed and Scopus for studies published before December 31, 2020 with information about the GI manifestations of pediatric COVID-19. Patients with a severe and non-severe clinical course were compared using the inverse variance heterogeneity model and odds ratio (OR) as the effect size. A sensitivity analysis was performed if the heterogeneity was high among studies. Results A total of 811 studies were identified through systematic search of which 55 studies (4369 patients) were included in this systematic review. The commonest GI symptoms were diarrhea—19.08%(95%CI : 10.6–28.2), nausea/vomiting 19.7%(95%CI : 7.8–33.2) and abdominal pain 20.3%(95%CI : 3.7–40.4). The presence of diarrhea was significantly associated with a severe clinical course with a pooled OR of 3.97 (95%CI: 1.80–8.73; p < 0.01). Abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting were not associated with disease severity. Conclusions Diarrhea, nausea/vomiting or abdominal pain are present in nearly one-fifth of all children with COVID-19. The presence of diarrhea portends a severe clinical course.

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Background:Helicobacter pylori infection is a major health ailment in developing countries. The infection is related with high morbidity and mortality ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric malignancies. The prevalence of H. pylori infection greatly varies from country to country and region to region. The aim is to study the prevalence of H. pylori infection in upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract disorders (dyspepsia) patients.Methods:The study was carried out in an outpatient department, India. Patients presenting with dyspeptic symptoms were subjected to serological investigation and upper GI endoscopy, histopathological examination, and rapid urease test of specimen. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection was made if one or both diagnostic test results were positive.Results:H. pylori infection was diagnosed in 85% of patients. There was no significant difference in sex- and age-related distribution (<50 years’ age group and >50 years’ age group) of H. pylori infection. However, association of H. pylori infection was positive in 83.3% (45) of patients with endoscopic abnormalities (54).Conclusion:The prevalence of H. pylori infection is high in the study population. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for prevention of serious complications.

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Introduction Amputation of a limb is a loss of physical integrity that has disastrous consequences for a person's mental, physical, and social well-being. Aim We aim to analyze the quality of life (QoL) after major amputations and long-term outcomes. Method and materials A prospective, observational study has been conducted in a health care institute in western Rajasthan from January 2019 to July 2020. This study included 64 patients who had major upper or lower limb amputations. We analyzed the sociodemographic factors of the patients, the type of procedure, postoperative hospital stay, complications, and follow-up status with both the SF-12 and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF questionnaires. Mean, median, range, standard deviation, percentages, univariable, and multivariable logistic regression were analyzed with SPSS version 23.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The mean age of the study patients was 53.6 years (SD 2.6) and they were mostly male (71.9%). Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease (PVD) was the most common indication (37.5%) of amputation, and below-the-knee amputation (46.88%) was the most commonly performed procedure. There was a significant increment in both PCS (p-value= 0.001), MCS scores (p-value=0.0001) of SF-12 and physical (p-value=0.0001) and psychological domains (p-value=0.001) of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire in the postoperative period. A total of 83.9% of patients have used prostheses, and 15.6% had mortality. Conclusions Major amputations can significantly affect the quality of life of patients, and all efforts should be made to avoid factors that adversely affect their quality of life.

BACKGROUNDAdverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are important cause of morbidity, hospitalization, increased health expenditure and even death. Antibiotics are one of the commonest offender responsible for causing adverse cutaneous drug reactions.

Fibroadenoma is one of the most prevalent benign tumour in adolescent women. It accounts for 20% of all benign breast tumours. Spontaneous infarction in fibroadenoma is very unwonted and mostly, it is associated with gravidity or lactation. Infarction can additionally occur as a complication of antecedent fine-needle aspiration biopsy. At the institution during 2-years period we incidentally found three such cases of spontaneous infarction of fibroadenoma over varied age groups which surprised us. So, reviewed the literature and presented our findings. Three fibroadenomas with features of central necrosis were diagnosed on excision and biopsy. Spontaneous infarction within fibroadenoma is a rare occurrence. It causes diagnostic difficulties, hence conscientious search and possibility of this entity should be must during the evaluation of breast lump.