A new type o f livestock enclosure from the Late Bronze Age has been discovered. Stone walls outline a pair o f circular or oval areas that may be up to 50 m in diameter. The stone walls are invisible at the surface; they were discovered in northwestern Crimea and only w ith the aid o f remote sensing and geophysical surveys. In the period 2 0 0 7-2 0 2 0 , over tw o dozen o f these structures were found; none has ever been noted before. The locations o f these sites were firs t suggested in satellite imagery, often as areas w ith unusually green vegetation. Then, large-area magnetic surveys delineated the buried stone enclosures, fo r there was a good contrast between the non-magnetic limestone walls and the rather magnetic soil. The features can be identified by the unique pattern o f the walls: An almost-complete circular arc that is connected to a full circle or oval. The soil w ithin the features has a high level o f urease enzyme activity and a high concentration o f therm ophilic microorganisms. This suggests the composting o f animal dung and plant residues; therefore, these were corrals and the raising o f livestock was a part o f the economy. Only one o f the doubled enclosures is found at most settlements; the livestock were probably owned by all o f the inhabitants. Each settlem ent had several dwellings, and these had earthen basins whose edges were lined w ith vertical stone slabs. Several small-area excavations exposed corral walls. Magnetic measurements o f the soil and rock were the basis fo r magnetic models; the calculated anomalies agree w ith the measurements o f the magnetic maps.
For the first time, the mineralogical–geochemical compositions of the white paste inlay found on vessels from sites (10th–8th centuries bce) in the northern Pontic region are investigated. Samples of the white paste on vessels from settlements, burials of sedentary groups and graves of early nomads were analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM‐EDX) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Between the 10th and eighth centuries bce, various innovations occurred in the working area. Iron processing technology and the manufacture of iron products also appeared. Other innovations were changes in the manufacturing technology of ceramics. A high‐quality, polished/burnished surface and ornaments with white paste inlay are characteristic of this pottery. When collating white paste mixtures of different European sites, similarities in the preparation of white paste recipes for vessels from the Balkan and northern Pontic regions are evident. During the Early Iron Age, further changes in the manufacture of the white paste were discovered in the northern Pontic region, namely the application of high‐temperature firing to obtain more resistant synthesized material such as calcium alumosilicates and silicates (wollastonite). The development of iron metallurgy in this period could provide a basis for the elaboration of new techniques in ceramic manufacture.
In an archaeometric research project supported by the Volkswagen Foundation (Project 90216 [https://earlynomads.wordpress.com/]), working groups consisting of chemists, geologists and archaeologists in Berlin, Kiev and Saint Petersburg collaborated on analysing pottery recovered from Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age burials and settlements from sites of different archaeological cultures in the steppes and forest steppes north of the Black Sea. The article presents the results of the classification of 201 samples using energy-dispersive X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) compared to the results of MGR-analysis and WD-XRF of these samples. Fingerprints for the seven sites studied could be defined.
В № 19 «Записок ИИМК РАН» представлены научные работы, отражающие новейшие открытия и исследования в области археологии и древней истории. Раздел «Статьи» открывает серия работ С. Н. Астахова, П. Е. Нехорошева и А. К. Каспарова по проблемам палеолита Сибири. Л. Б. Вишняцкий на материалах неолита западной части Евразии приводит аргументы в пользу гипотезы об учащении и ужесточении вооруженных конфликтов по мере становления и развития производящего хозяйства. В статье Л. Б. Кирчо прослежены истоки контактов Южного Туркменистана и Южного Таджикистана в эпоху бронзы. Д. Г. Савинов и В. В. Бобров публикуют эталонный памятник андроновской культуры. В еще одной статье Д. Г. Савинов сформулировал гипотезу образования скифо-сибирского культурного пространства. М. Т. Кашуба обосновывает конвергентное появление ранних фибул Кавказа. В обширной работе А. Лухтанаса и О. В. Полякова развенчивается гипотеза о миграциях западнобалтского племени галиндов в Западную Европу. В статье Е. Н. Носова и Н. В. Хвощинской на широком историческом фоне прослежена судьба княжеского храма начала XI в. на Рюриковом городище под Новгородом. Изучению Старой Ладоги посвящены работы А. Н. Кирпичникова, В. А. Лапшина, Н. В. Григорьевой и П. А. Миляева. А. И. Сакса реконструирует историю застройки одного из участков Выборга на протяжении XVначала XVIII вв. В разделе «Рецензии» проведен подробный разбор двухтомной публикации материалов уникального древнерусского некрополя X-начала XI в. на территории Пскова. Издание адресовано археологам, культурологам, историкам, музееведам, студентам исторических факультетов вузов. he papers included in the 19th issue of the "Transactions of IHMC RAS" relect recent discoveries and advances in archaeology and ancient history. he section of Research Papers opens with a series of works by S. N. Astakhov, P. E. Nehoroshev and A. K. Kasparov devoted to the problems of the Paleolithic of Siberia. L. B. Vishnyatsky uses the materials from the Neolithic of Western Eurasia to argue in favor of the hypothesis which links the increase in frequency and scale of armed conlicts with the formation and development of producing economy. he paper by L. B. Kircho traces the beginnings of contacts between South Turkmenistan and South Tajikistan in the Bronze Age. D. G. Savinov and V. V. Bobrov describe an important site of the Andronovo culture. In another paper, D. G. Savinov presents his hypothesis of the formation of the Scythian-Siberian cultural space. M. T. Kashuba makes the case for convergent appearance of the earliest ibulae in the Caucasus. he extensive paper by A. Luchtanas and O. V. Poljakov debunks the hypothesis that the West Baltic tribe of Galindans migrated to the west of Europe. E. N. Nosov and N. V. Khvoshchinskaya elucidate the history of the princely Church of Annunciation built in the early XI c. at Ryurik Gorodishche near Novgorod. he works by A. N. Kirpichnikov, V. A. Lapshin, N. V. Grigorieva and P. A. Milyaev deal with the study of Staraya Ladoga. A. I. Saksa reconstructs the building history of a homesite in...
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