In children with cerebral palsy, there is moderate evidence that backward gait training improves balance, gross motor function, step length and walking velocity. More high-quality studies are needed.

Background: Impairedselective motor control is a common problem in children with hemiparesis; it interferes with upper extremity function and grip strength of the affected side. Aim: To study the relationship between selective motor control and upper extremity function in children with hemiparesis. Methods: This study included a convenient sample of 48 children with hemiparesis (age; four to eight years). The test of arm selective control, quality of upper extremity skill test, and hand held dynamometers were used to assess the selective motor control, upper extremityfunction and hand grip strength respectively. Results: The results showed positive significant correlation (p> 0.05) between test of arm selective control with upper extremityfunction (r=0.85) and hand grip strength (r=0.77). Moreover, there was positive significant correlation between upper extremityfunction and hand grip strength (r=0.72). Conclusion: Selective motor control is positively correlated with upper extremityfunction and hand grip strength in children with hemiparesis. The results help in the development of appropriate treatment programs for the rehabilitation of children with hemiplegia. Keywords: Cerebral palsy; Hand grip strength; Selective motor control; Unilateral cerebral palsy; Upper extremity function.

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Background: Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) in adolescence is common and crucial problem that affects a child's ability to function in daily life, their relationships with others, their happiness, and their mental health. Also, it may become compounded into adulthood. Williams and McKenzie exercises are the most commonly used to treat patient's back pain. Objective: This study aimed to compare between Mckenzie and William exercises regarding their affection pain, spinal flexibility and balance for adolescents with NSLBP. Patients and methods: A total of 34 adolescent males with NSLBP participated in this study. Those who met the criteria for inclusion, were divided randomly into two groups; Group A received Mckenzie extension exercises; and Group B received William flexion exercises. Data was collected from groups pre-treatment, 2 and 4 weeks post-treatment (Post I and II) regarding visual analogue scale, flexibility score, vestibular balance and balance board scores. Results: Comparative analysis showed that both groups were similar at baselines. Patients in both study groups showed significant reduction of pain and improvement in spinal flexibility and balance. No significant differences were observed between the effectiveness of McKenzie and William exercises on pain, flexibility and balance for treating NSLBP in adolescents. Conclusions: Both McKenzie extension exercises and William flexion exercises are effective in treating adolescents with NSLBP. The effectiveness of both exercises regarding pain, spinal flexibility and balance were comparable.

Background: Pediatric rehabilitation is a team-mission that plays an important role in providing comprehensive services by healthcare professionals with diverse academic and professional backgrounds to provide a high-level quality care for children. The Interprofessional education (IPE) is important foundation for Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) of the healthcare system. It positively affects patients and healthcare personnel, especially children and their families. Objective: To assess and compare the development of Interprofessional team collaboration between pediatric physical therapists (PTs), nurses and pediatricians and to assess particular attributes of these professionals that relate to their attitudes towards IPC. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from April 2021 to May 2022, it included 182 medical staff workers of both genders; they held professional degrees and were currently working in governmental hospitals in pediatric settings. They were invited to complete personal information sheets,