Abstract

Introduction: In the Americas, Brazil contributes 91.63% of the total cases and the state of Pará still has high endemia for leprosy. Objective: To analyze the performance of a rapid test for the diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance of leprosy in endemic areas. Methods: The sample consisted of 70 MB multibacillary leprosy (MB) patients, 63 paucibacillary (PB) patients, and 80 intradomiciliary consanguineous contacts (ICSCO) of patients. A rapid test with a 15-minute reading was applied using two prototypes: prototype 1, double test with trisaccharide antigen (NT-P-BSA) at 1a. line (83.2 ng/test) and disaccharide antigen (ND-O-BSA) at 2a. (83.2 ng/test), both with a flow of 0.08 μL/mm with a 10 μC membrane, anti-IgM conjugate with a flow of 0.040 μL/mm and a Tris-Triton and prototype 2 runner buffer with MIX antigen (trisaccharide + disaccharide) in the same concentrations and conditions of prototype 1. Results: The comparison of the MIX test positivity rate and the disaccharide or trisaccharide doublet test across all samples was statistically significant, demonstrating that the MIX test had higher seropositivity rates compared to the ND-O-BSA or NT-P-BSA. It was demonstrated that the MIX test showed a good performance, with 25.39% of the PB patients negative for the disaccharide and trisaccharide duplet test, but positive for MIX. Conclusions: These data suggest the potential for further optimizing the performance by adding other synthetic antigens to the MIX antigens.

No abstract

A leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) é uma doença infecciosa não contagiosa causada por diferentes protozoários do gênero Leishmania e transmitida pela picada do flebótomo fêmea infectada. Apesar de todos os esforços realizados, a LTA ainda representa um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal da incidência da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no município de Bragança -PA no período de 2012 a 2016. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, prospectivo, descritivo, de base populacional com abordagem quantitativa e sem coleta de material biológico. Resultado e Discussão: Durante o período de estudo foram encontrados cento e sessenta e três (163) casos novos de LTA distribuídos nas diversas localidades do município de Bragança-PA. Segundo a série temporal dos casos de LTA no período de estudo a distribuição dos casos não foi homogênea ao longo dos anos. O

Leprosy is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. There is a lack of data regarding environmental reservoirs, which may represent a serious public health problem in Brazil, especially in the state of Pará, which occupies the fourth position in incidence of cases in the country. Previous studies report evidence of infection occurring among armadillos, mangabei monkeys, and chimpanzees. In the present study, wild animals were captured and tested for the presence of anti-PGL-1 antibodies and M. leprae DNA. Fieldwork was carried out from October to November of 2016 in the cities of Curionópolis and Canaã dos Carajás, southeast of Pará state. Small and medium-sized wild animals were captured using appropriate traps. A total of 15 animals were captured. Sera and viscera fragments were collected and tested by ELISA and PCR methods. The presence of M. leprae DNA was confirmed by sequencing of specific gyrase gene in three animals of two different species, including one Necromys lasiurus (liver sample) and two Proechimys roberti (kidney and liver samples). This unprecedented finding suggests that species other than those previously reported are responsible for maintaining M. leprae in nature.

Viruses with encephalitogenic potential can cause neurological conditions of clinical and epidemiological importance, such as Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, Mayaro virus and West Nile virus. The objective of the present study was to determine the number of arboviruses with neuroinvasive potential isolated in Brazil that corresponds to the collection of viral samples belonging to the Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute (SAARB/IEC) of the Laboratory Network of National Reference for Arbovirus Diagnosis from 1954 to 2022. In the analyzed period, a total of 1,347 arbovirus samples with encephalitogenic potential were isolated from mice; 5,065 human samples were isolated exclusively by cell culture; and 676 viruses were isolated from mosquitoes. The emergence of new arboviruses may be responsible for diseases still unknown to humans, making the Amazon region a hotspot for infectious diseases due to its fauna and flora species characteristics. The detection of circulating arboviruses with the potential to cause neuroinvasive diseases is constant, which justifies the continuation of active epidemiological surveillance work that offers adequate support to the public health system regarding the virological diagnosis of circulating arboviruses in Brazil.