A convenient synthetic route toward new copper(II) chlorate complexes with potential use in modern advanced ignition or initiation systems is described. Obtained compounds were not only accurately characterized (XRD, IR, UV/Vis EA and DTA) but also investigated for their energetic character (sensitivities, initiation capability and laser ignition). The copper 4-aminotriazolyl chlorate complex showed excellent initiation of PETN, while also being thermally stable and safe to handle. Solid-state UV-Vis measurements were performed to get a possible insight toward the laser initiation mechanism. In contrast to expectations, the presented copper(II) chlorate energetic coordination compounds show manageable sensitivities that can be tamed or boosted by the appropriate choice of nitrogen-rich ligands.

Numerous energetic coordination complexes (MnII, FeII, CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, and AgI) using 1-methyl-tetrazole as the ligand were synthesized and tuned by different counteranions (e.g. NO3−, ClO4−, picrate, and styphnate). They show great potential for mechanical or optical initiation systems.

This comprehensive study features the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of new energetic coordination compounds (ECC) based on two of the most powerful neutral tetrazoles, which have great potential as lead-free primary explosives.

Energetic coordination compounds (ECC) based on 3d or 4d transition metals show promising characteristics to be used as potential replacements for highly toxic leadcontaining primary explosives. Herein we report the synthesis of 12 new ECC based on 1-azidoethyl-5H-tetrazole (AET) or 1-ethyl-5H-tetrazole (1-ETZ) as nitrogen-rich ligandsa s well as variousc entral metals (Cu 2 + ,F e 2 + ,Z n 2 + ,A g + )a nd anions such as perchlorate and nitrate. The influence of the increased endothermicity by adding an additional azide group was studied by comparing analogous ECC based on AET and 1-ETZ. Furthermore, the compounds were extensively analyzed by XRD, IR, EA, solid-state UV/Vis,a nd DTAa s well as their sensitivities toward impactand friction were determined with BAM standard techniques, together with their sensitivity against electrostatic discharge. The sensitivities were compared with the one toward ball drop impact measurements. Classicali nitiation tests (nitropenta filled detonators) and ignitionbylaser irradiation highly prove the potential use of the most promising compounds in lead-freei nitiation systems.[a] M.

A concept for stabilizing highly sensitive and explosive copper(II) azide with 1‐N‐substituted tetrazoles is described. It was possible to stabilize the system by the use of highly endothermic, nitrogen‐rich ligands. The sensitivities of the resulting energetic copper coordination compounds can be tuned further by variation of the alkyl chain of the ligands and by phlegmatization of the complexes with classical additives during the synthesis. It is demonstrated, using the compound based on 1‐methyl‐5H‐tetrazole ([Cu(N3)2(MTZ)], 1) that this class of complexes can be applied as a potential replacement for both lead azide (LA) and lead styphnate (LS). The complex was extensively investigated according to its chemical (elemental analysis, single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy) and physico‐chemical properties (differential thermal analysis, sensitivities towards impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge) compared to pure copper(II) azide.

A series of functional new energetic coordination compounds (ECCs) were prepared and their physicochemical properties tuned by the use of various metal(ii) centers and three different ditetrazolylpropane isomers.

1- and 2-Nitratoethyl-5H-tetrazole (1-NET, 2-NET) were prepared through nitration of the respective alkyl alcohol using 100% nitric acid. A mixture of 1- and 2-hydroxyethyl-5H-tetrazole was obtained after alkylation of 1,5H-tetrazole....

Laser ignitable explosives are potential candidates in future applications for replacing toxic and very sensitive primary explosives, which are used in current devices. In this study, the literature unknown ligand 1-azidopropyl-5H-tetrazole (APT, 1) was synthesized for the first time and applied in energetic coordination compounds (ECC). The complexes are based on different 3d transition metals (Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Zn 2+ ) as well as various oxidizing anions (NO 3 − , ClO 4 − , and ClO 3 − ) and were tested toward their capability as laser ignitable explosives. Furthermore, analogous complexes based on the literature known ligand 1-propyl-5H-tetrazole (PT, 2) were investigated for comparing the influence of the additional azide group toward the performance of the ECC. Toxicity measurements using Vibrio fischeri and the decreased sensitivities prove their usability as safer laser ignitable explosive with lower toxicities compared to currently used explosives.