Solar cells based on hybrid organic/inorganic perovskites have shown an astonishing efficiency development in the past years, having peaked in power conversion efficiencies of >25% for small‐area single‐junction devices. To pave the way for future commercialization, however, high power conversion efficiencies also have to be demonstrated on areas multiple orders of magnitude larger. Herein, methylammonium‐free perovskite photovoltaic modules with an active area of 66 cm2 are presented. All functional layers processable from solution are deposited by blade coating without the use of an antisolvent, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach for large‐area module fabrication. The coating process is analyzed in detail and a model based on the Landau–Levich problem is developed for the blade‐coating setup. The perovskite crystallinity can be improved by the addition of lead(II) thiocyanate, which results in increased crystallite size as judged by Williamson–Hall's analysis of X‐ray diffraction data and corresponding scanning electron microscopy images. The homogeneity of the final modules is investigated with dark lock‐in thermography and electroluminescence imaging, indicating only few shunts in the module area. Modules are made up of 15 serially interconnected solar cells and reveal a stabilized efficiency of 12.6% under maximum power point tracking.
This paper examines China's international communication strategy during the initial phase of the global COVID-19 pandemic. In the spring of 2020, Western governments and media began criticising the systematic lack of transparency and accountability in the Chinese political system in relation to the failed containment of the Wuhan outbreak. Facing an unprecedented reputational crisis, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) mobilised its foreign-language media in an attempt to influence the international discourse on COVID-19. Surveying the English and Chinese editions of the People's Daily, this study identifies CCP discourses aimed at foreign audiences and traces their evolution during the early stages of the pandemic. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive map of Chinese narratives on COVID-19 and generates fresh insights into CCP crisis communication.
This article revisits the role that Ahn Jung-geun plays in Korean collective memory today and contrasts this with the Moon administration's foreign policy. An analysis of Korean collective memory shows that Ahn's assassination of Ito Hirobumi is heavily emphasized but Ahn's ultimate goal of bringing peace to Northeast Asia is overlooked. This emphasis is understood through Jan Assmann's model of collective memory. Based on Aleida Assmann and Linda Shortt's proposition, it is argued that the historical figure of Ahn can instead play a constructive role. Shifting the focus of collective memory toward Ahn's ambition for peace in Northeast Asia may serve as a positive nudge for Seoul's Japan policy, thus helping to ameliorate Korea-Japan relations in the medium term.
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