This work proposes a state observer as a tool to manage cost and durability issues for PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) in automotive applications. Based on a dead-end anode architecture, the observer estimates the nitrogen build-up in the anode side, as well as relative humidities in the channels. These estimated parameters can then be used at fuel cell management level to enhance the durability of the stack. This observer is based on transport equations through the membrane and it reconstructs the behavior of the water and nitrogen inside the channels without the need of additional humidity sensors to correct the estimate. The convergence of the output variables is proved with Lyapunov theory for dynamic operating conditions. The validation is made with a high-fidelity model running a WLTC (Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle). This observer provide the average values of nitrogen and relative humidities with sufficient precision to be used in a global real-time control scheme.
International audienceA Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) needs an active system to control all the ancillaries and ensure optimal operating conditions, especially in a fuel cell vehicle. For the fuel cell system architecture, dead-end anode is the cheapest architecture for the hydrogen line and also the one that leads to important reversible and irreversible degradations if not appropriately managed. To address the cost and durability issues on fuel cell vehicles, this study proposes a state observer which aims at estimating online the nitrogen saturation in the anode side in order to trigger the purge at a given criterion. This observer is based on a simple set of equations extracted from a detailed 2D-meshed model. Nitrogen buildup is evaluated in simulation with different road profiles with less than 5% error. Moreover the fuel cell system efficiency increases compared to the other existing purge strategies, so as the mileage. The observer can also be used to develop other optimal strategies to minimize the irreversible degradations of the fuel cell
Durability and performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are the main bottlenecks preventing their widespread use in automotive applications. This manuscript investigates the possibility of employing an optimized management law for such cells; the law, computed off-line, aims at reducing the physical cell degradations and the loss of performance during operations, by choosing an appropriate set of operating conditions which can still deliver the desired power output. High-fidelity simulations results are reported, which show the effectiveness of the proposed model based approach.
Decarbonization of the transport sector could be achieved through fuel cell technology. The candidature of this technology is motivated by its high current density and lack of emissions. However, its widespread deployment is restrained by durability and reliability constraints. During normal operation, the fuel cell system supplies stable power to the load. Contrarily, when it is operated under faulty conditions, the system’s output power deteriorates, leading to low durability. It is therefore of paramount importance to ensure that the system is operated in a non-faulty condition. In this paper, we provide a critical review of the analytical-redundancy-based fault diagnosis methods for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). An in-depth analysis of the various methods has been presented in terms of accuracy, complexity, implementability, and robustness to aging and dynamic operating conditions.
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