Digital radiography is a promising non-destructive testing tool for powder metallurgy (PM) parts, in which transmitted X-rays are recorded to generate data for an advanced defect detection system. An important part of this system is the data processing platform for pattern recognition in X-ray images. Combinations of advanced techniques for noise reduction, contrast enhancement and image segmentation are employed. Algorithms of registration for images in regions of interest are discussed, e.g. the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). Modern pattern recognition methodologies such as smoothing, moment representation, image alignment and optical flow towards feature classification are evaluated. The proposed defect detection and classification capability for automatic analysis of digital radiographic images from PM parts potentially allows integration into multiple-view inspection systems, which should enhance quality control in the PM manufacturing and production environment. Defect detection systems able to work at the speed of current production lines are of great interest to both PM manufacturers and users.
There is growing interest in Statistical Software Testing (SST) as a software assurance technique. While the approach has major attractions, there is a need for new statistical models to infer failure probabilities from SST. The paper constructs a simple but realistic case in which the traditional Binomial model does not work. The paper shows that if possible test failure dependencies are neglected, could the failure probability would be underestimated.. The paper compares the results of our new probability model based on pairwise failures with results achieved when applying the traditional single-urn model, i.e., assuming no dependencies in the failure process.
The article reveals the essence of the “academic freedom” concept and phenomenon, develops the directions for the development of universities as an intellectual and creative organizations based on the implementation of the academic freedoms’ principle, and offers a matrix for the realization of academic freedoms and autonomy of the university. The practice-oriented matrix presents the infrastructural components, the development of which creates the transformational basis of the university, the principle of academic freedom autonomy.
The author considers the features of the university as an intellectual and creative organization, determining the specifics of its management based on the implementation of the principle of academic freedom. This approach involves the transformation of the marketing paradigm of the university as a management tool that activates the intellectual and creative potential of its employees based on the implementation of the principle of academic freedoms in the context of the digitalization of the scientific and educational process.
The main function of the “academic freedom” concept is revealed, which consists in the formation of a theoretical and ideological paradigm, which serves as the basis for creating sociocultural, economic and managerial mechanisms to counter the most powerful negative impact vector on the university environment, which has a destructive effect on the essence of university science and education.
The specifics of the concept’s contents and the essence of the managerial tool “academic freedom” are studied in relation to the current stage of the university as a social institution development, which allows them to be used as the basis for transformational processes aimed at de-bureaucratizing the university and building a future university self-government system.
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