represents the internal emotional state (emotion) has also been investigated sufficiently. For instance, Juckel et al. [8][9][10][11][12] conducted a kinematic facial expression analysis by examining different groups of psychiatric patients with a motion detector and found differences in their facial expressions. Within the framework of an emotional induction experiment using "Mr. Bean" sketches, the kinematic detailed analysis of the laughing movement of depressive patients revealed significantly lower speed measures when compared to healthy study participants. In particular, patients with severe depressive symptoms showed the slowest initial speeds in the laughter movements. [13][14][15] Interestingly, the depressive patients also showed slower initial speeds than the healthy subjects. Hypomimia (reduced facial expressions) is considered to be the main characteristic of depressed patients and is discussed as essential for a deficit interactive dynamic. 5 However, the impairments of social interaction skills in depressive patients are diverse. A review by Kupferberg et al. 15 showed that these deficits of social interaction skills manifest themselves in reduced motivation to communicate, lack of cooperativeness, and ultimately dysfunctional interaction behavior. Depression-related alterations in the perception of emotions and emotion processing, as well as cognitive and metacognitive processes have been discussed as being responsible for this. [16][17][18]
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