Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is amongst the most common malignancies, with an estimated incidence of 377,000 and 177,000 deaths worldwide. The interval between the onset of symptoms and the start of adequate treatment is directly related to tumor stage and 5-year-survival rates of patients. Early detection is therefore crucial for efficient cancer therapy. This study aims to detect OSCC on clinical photographs (CP) automatically. 1406 CP(s) were manually annotated and labeled as a reference. A deep-learning approach based on Swin-Transformer was trained and validated on 1265 CP(s). Subsequently, the trained algorithm was applied to a test set consisting of 141 CP(s). The classification accuracy and the area-under-the-curve (AUC) were calculated. The proposed method achieved a classification accuracy of 0.986 and an AUC of 0.99 for classifying OSCC on clinical photographs. Deep learning-based assistance of clinicians may raise the rate of early detection of oral cancer and hence the survival rate and quality of life of patients.

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Zusammenfassung Der Gesichtssch?del ist in der heutigen Zeit h?ufig von Verletzungen betroffen. Neben k?rperlichen Auseinandersetzungen, Fahrradst?rzen und Sportunf?llen f?hren Schussverletzungen zu unterschiedlichsten Verletzungsmustern, die ?sthetische, aber auch funktionelle Defizite bei den Betroffenen hinterlassen k?nnen. In diesem Zusammenhang ist die korrekte 3-dimensionale Rekonstruktion des Gesichtssch?dels von entscheidender Bedeutung. Heute verf?gbare intraoperative bildgebende Verfahren sind in der Lage, die Reposition und die Rekonstruktion des Gesichtssch?dels mehrdimensional zu visualisieren, um ggf. eine Revision sofort durchf?hren zu k?nnen. Die komplexe 3-dimensionale Struktur des Gesichtssch?dels stellt dabei besondere Anforderungen an die intraoperativen bildgebenden Verfahren, da nur eine 3-dimensionale Bildgebung eine ausreichende Beurteilung des Operationserfolgs zul?sst. Dieser ?bersichtsartikel beschreibt die aktuellen intraoperativen bildgebenden Verfahren mit Sonografie, CT, MRT und DVT einschlie?lich ihrer Vor- und Nachteile aus der Sicht der Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie.

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MRI is increasingly used as a diagnostic tool for visualising the dentoalveolar complex. A comprehensive review of the current indications and applications of MRI in the dental specialities of orthodontics (I), endodontics (II), prosthodontics (III), periodontics (IV), and oral surgery (V), pediatric dentistry (VI), operative dentistry is still missing and is therefore provided by the present work. The current literature on dental MRI shows that it is used for cephalometry in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics, detection of dental pulp inflammation, characterisation of periapical and marginal periodontal pathologies of teeth, caries detection, and identification of the inferior alveolar nerve, impacted teeth and dentofacial anatomy for dental implant planning, respectively. Specific protocols regarding the miniature anatomy of the dentofacial complex, the presence of hard tissues, and foreign body restorations are used along with dedicated coils for the improved image quality of the facial skull. Dental MRI poses a clinically useful radiation-free imaging tool for visualising the dentoalveolar complex across dental specialities when respecting the indications and limitations.

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We describe in vitro tyrosine phosphorylation of the C‐terminal 334 amino acids of ras‐GTPase‐activating protein (ras‐GAP)1 that contains the activity domain for ras interaction. To date, there have been no other phosphorylation sites determined than the reported in N‐terminal domain of ras‐GAP Tyr‐460, which is considered to be the major phosphorylation site of ras‐GAP. In our assays some differences of the kinetic parameters were observed when the reaction was catalyzed by EGF‐R compared to p60c‐src. Enzyme specific regulation of activity is associated with autophosphorylation which leads to reduced (in case of EGF‐R) or increased (in case of p60c‐src) phosphorylation of the C‐terminal 334 amino acids of ras‐GAP (GAP334). Because of the characteristics of these investigated reactions the phosphorylation of GAP334 seems to be ‐ independent from the presence of SH2 or SH3 domains ‐ triggered off by complex mechanisms different from those regulating the phosphorylation at Tyr‐460.

BackgroundThe question arises if there is an association of psycho-emotional stress and chronic soft tissue injuries caused by bruxism somatoform disorders with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsPatients with and without “somatoform disorders including psychogenic disturbances” (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-10 code F45.8), and/or “unspecific behavioral syndromes” (F59), and/or “sleep related bruxism” (G47.63), and/or “other sleep disorders” (G47.8) were retrieved from the TriNetX network to gain cohort I. Cohort II was formed by patients without the aforementioned diagnoses, and by matching for age, gender, tobacco use, and alcohol abuse. After defining the primary outcome as “OSCC” (ICD-10 codes C00−C14), a Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed, and risk ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR) were calculated.ResultsAfter matching, each cohort accounted for 154,639 patients (59.7% females; 40.3% males; mean current age (± standard deviation) = 43.4 ± 24.5 years). Among cohorts I and II, 907 and 763 patients, respectively, were diagnosed with OSCC within 5 years (risk of OSCC = 0.6% and 0.5%), whereby the risk difference was significant (p < 0.001; Log-Rank test). RR and OR were 1.19 (95% confidence interval (CI), lower = 1.08 and upper = 1.31) and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.08−1.31).ConclusionsPsycho-emotional stress and/or chronic mucosal injuries may play a role in carcinogenesis. However, the results need to be interpreted cautiously due to limitations of the applied approach. It may thus far only be concluded that further research is necessary to investigate hypotheses regarding psychogenic carcinogenesis and tumor formation due to chronic tissue trauma.