Abstract:In previous works we showed that oral administration of caulerpine, a bisindole alkaloid isolated from algae of the genus Caulerpa, produced antinociception when assessed in chemical and thermal models of nociception. In this study, we evaluated the possible OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2014, 19 14700 mechanism of action of this alkaloid in mice, using the writhing test. The antinociceptive effect of caulerpine was not affected by intraperitoneal (i.p.) pretreatment of mice with naloxone, flumazenil, L-arginine or atropine, thus discounting the involvement of the opioid, GABAergic, L-arginine-nitric oxide and (muscarinic) cholinergic pathways, respectively. In contrast, i.p. pretreatment with yohimbine, an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, or tropisetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, significantly blocked caulerpine-induced antinociception. These results suggest that caulerpine exerts its antinociceptive effect in the writhing test via pathways involving α2-adrenoceptors and 5-HT3 receptors. In summary, this alkaloid could be of interest in the development of new dual-action analgesic drugs.
Introduction. Surgical site infection remains a challenge for hospital infection control, especially when it relates to skin antisepsis in the surgical site. Objective. To analyze the antimicrobial activity in vivo of an antiseptic from ethanol crude extracts of P. granatum and E. uniflora against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Methods. Agar drilling and minimal inhibitory tests were conducted for in vitro evaluation. In the in vivo bioassay were used Wistar rats and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 14990). Statistical analysis was performed through variance analysis and Scott-Knott cluster test at 5% probability and significance level. Results. In the in vitro, ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum and Eugenia uniflora and their combination showed the best antimicrobial potential against S. epidermidis and S. aureus. In the in vivo bioassay against S. epidermidis, there was no statistically significant difference between the tested product and the patterns used after five minutes of applying the product. Conclusion. The results indicate that the originated product is an antiseptic alternative source against S. epidermidis compared to chlorhexidine gluconate. It is suggested that further researches are to be conducted in different concentrations of the test product, evaluating its effectiveness and operational costs.
Compreendendo que nas últimas décadas os psicobióticos, uma nova classe de probióticos, direcionaram muitos pesquisadores a se concentrarem no estudo dos mesmos em relação ao seu potencial terapêutico para transtornos psíquicos, o presente estudo compilou dados da literatura científica a respeito das recentes descobertas relacionadas aos psicobióticos como uma potencial alternativa para o tratamento da ansiedade. Para tal foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura, por meio de consultas a artigos publicados nos últimos seis anos por meio das bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE e SciELO, utilizando os seguintes descritores:"Probiotics and anxiety", "Psycobiotcs and anxiety", publicados na íntegra em inglês. Totalizando 267 estudos encontrados, dos quais meramente 14 artigos foram elegíveis. A princípio foram discutidos os benefícios gerados pelos psicobióticos para a saúde mental, bem como sua importância na compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos na relação do eixo cérebro-microbioma-intestino quanto aos transtornos psicológicos, especialmente a ansiedade. Por meio da análise dos estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos selecionados, foi possível identificar cepas de probióticos que apresentam maior potencial a candidatos psicobióticos, com ênfase no tratamento da ansiedade. De forma geral, os estudos demonstraram a eficácia dos psicobióticos, os quais foram capazes de atenuar os sintomas causados pelos quadros de ansiedade, melhorando funções do sistema nervoso central, com baixa ocorrência ou ausência de efeitos adversos. Assim, futuramente podem compor uma nova abordagem terapêutica para o tratamento dos sintomas de ansiedade e outras comorbidades psiquiátricas.
Neuropathic pain (NP) is the most prevalent and debilitating form of chronic pain, caused by injuries or diseases of the somatosensory system. Since current first-line treatments only provide poor symptomatic relief, the search for new therapeutic strategies for managing NP is an active field of investigation. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the genesis and maintenance of NP, including damage caused by oxidative stress. The naturally occurring antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a promising therapeutic agent for the management of NP. Several pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical trials demonstrate the analgesic potential of ALA in the management of NP. The beneficial biological activities of ALA are reflected in the various patents for the development of ALA-based innovative products. This review demonstrates the therapeutic potential of ALA in the management of NP by discussing its analgesic effects by multiple antioxidant mechanisms as well as the use of patented ALA-based products and how technological approaches have been applied to enhance ALA’s pharmacological properties.
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