Formal and informal networks empower small firms to generate social capital by forging network ties, building on trust and sharing a vision among stakeholders. It enables them to obtain necessary resources, support, information and knowledge, which may be otherwise inaccessible to them. This study analyses the impact of social capital on firm performance through the constructs of network ties, trust and shared vision while drawing a comparison between firms associated with formal and informal networking. An empirical study was conducted via a structured questionnaire on a sample of 100 small firms in West Bengal with 50 firms having membership in industry/trade associations as the experimental group and another 50 firms having only informal connections as the control group. Findings of the multiple regression analysis reveal that the impact of social capital on firm performance is significantly greater in firms engaged in formal and informal networking in contrast to firms embedded only in the informal network.

INTRODUCTIONICDS is recognized as unique community based outreach system for child nutrition and development programme. It is the most comprehensive scheme of India Government for early childhood. The programme was launched on 2 nd Oct 1975 in thirty three projects with aim of reducing malnourishment level and was targeted at children in age group 0 to 6 year and pregnant and lactating mother. During the 6 th five year plan it was included under the new 20 point programme and achieved the status of a national programme. There are various components of ICDS programme. These are supplementary nutrition, non-formal preschool education, immunization, nutrition health counselling, health check-up, and growth monitoring and referral service for children less than 6year. ICDS also seeks to strengthen the capacity of care givers and community for child care by building upon local knowledge and child care practices. These services are provided through childcare centre, known as Anganwadi centre (AWC) except immunization, health check-up and referral service that are provided by Health and family welfare ministry through NHM and health system. Each centre is managed by an Anganwadi worker ABSTRACT Background: ICDS is the unique community based programme for early childhood care and development. The objective of the study were to assess the facilities and activities of ICDS centres and the utilization of ICDS services among children aged 6 months to 6 years in a city of Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. Study setting and design -Community based cross-sectional study done in a city of Darjeeling District of West Bengal, India during JuneSeptember 2016. Methods: 30 ICDS centres were selected by cluster sampling method. From each cluster 7 households were selected randomly with help of register of AWCs. 30 AWWs and 210 mothers of 6 months -6 years children were interviewed with pre-designed, pre-tested schedule. Results: 86.66% AWCs were running in pukka building. Toilet facility was absent in 43.33% AWC. All AWCs were well equipped & all workers were literate. 65.12% male child and 70.74% female child had received supplementary nutrition. Immunization records were present in all AWC. NHED was celebrated in all AWC twice monthly. 80% AWC referred sick children verbally. 17.61% of children took the meal to their home and 29.57% mother didn't attend NHED meeting. Conclusions: There was gap in infrastructural facility and some activities. Mothers were satisfied with overall functioning of AWC.

SMEs forge relationship with actors in their environment to obtain necessary resources, support and information which they may be unable to generate by themselves. These relationships are born out of linkages through formal and informal networks. Social capital of SMEs evolves out of these networks and generates scarce benefits. Literature provides that information sharing is widely regarded as one of the key returns of social capital which has a significant impact on firm performance (Wu 2008). Various dimensions of social capital in the form of network ties, trust and shared vision in strategic alliances and social alliances of SMEs have unique influences on information sharing among their exchange partners. This study attempts to examine the effects of the dimensions of social capital on information sharing advantages of the SMEs and its influence on firm performance, while drawing a comparison between firms engaged in strategic and social alliances. Analyzing the data from 100 small firms in West Bengal largely support the hypothesis that social capital contributes significantly towards information sharing, the effect of which is consequently translated into firm performance. The influence is found to be more pronounced for firms embedded in strategic alliances as compared to other firms.

The electric power grids and power systems are critical infrastructure parts of our modern society and are ascertained by high demands on reliability and stability. These systems are following standards and trends, as of which one of them is in particular Ethernet and TCP/IP based communication protocols. Evolving technologies like Ethernet and industry-specific standards such as IEC 61850 are enablers for information exchange that support not only higher reliability, but also important ensures interoperability between systems from different vendors. Key features to safe guard our grids are to enable support for authentication and authorization, auditability and logging as well as product and system hardening. An easy solution to add and remove users that shall have or be revoked from having access is the implementation of a centralized account management in the substation automation system. This is a major benefit for the utilities that have to adhere to regulations. In the event of intrusion detection, finding unexpected usage patterns and for security forensics, the security logging mechanisms are a must. It has to be reliable, easily distributed and easily collected. By adding centralized account management to our systems we can easily enhance the security in the substation automation system. Role based account management is not only enabling us to have the proper access rights per user and per role but also helps us reduce the errors created by the human factor. The principle of least privilege ensure that system components as well as humans interacting with the system have access only to the information and resources that are necessary for their legitimate purpose. The paper describes the trends, security measures and provide recommendations in order to get cyber security measures in Protection and Control Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs).