The 5' region of the mitochondrial DNA gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) is the standard marker for DNA barcoding. However, 16 S rRNA has also been advocated for DNA barcoding in many animal species. Herein, we directly compare the usefulness of COI and 16 S rRNA in discriminating six cultivable carp species: Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo fimbriatus, Labeo bata and Cirrhinus reba from India. Analysis of partial sequences of these two gene fragments from 171 individuals indicated close genetic relationship between Catla catla and Labeo rohita. The results of the present study indicated COI to be more useful than 16 S rRNA for DNA barcoding of Indian carps.
Catla catla is the second most important Indian major carp due to high growth rate and acceptance to consumers for food value. It is widely cultured in the Indian subcontinent as monoculture or polyculture. In the present study, genetic diversity among hatchery stocks (total 218 samples of catla) collected from different geographical regions of India was examined using mtDNA fragment sequence of Cyt b (306 bp) and D loop (710 bp). High numbers (57) of population specific haplotypes were observed in the present study. The results revealed significant genetic heterogeneity for the sequence data (F = 0.27546, p < .05). Analysis of molecular variance revealed significant genetic differentiation among different catla populations. The information generated in present study could be useful to develop broad genetic base populations of catla.
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