Urbanization is commonly associated with densification, which may lead to vertical growth or urban consolidation. The present study evaluates the daylighting potential as a function of urban morphology for the city of Curitiba ͑25°25Ј50Љ S, 46°16Ј15Љ W͒. It also presents a thermal analysis for a representative street axis orientation in this location, showing indoor conditions within a test office for different aspect ratios. In Curitiba, certain street axes were designated to allow densification ͑in the so-called structural sector of the city͒. As a consequence, there is a great risk of urban canyons being formed, as local legislation does not impose height restrictions to adjacent buildings. Daylight analysis was based on software simulations with LUZ DO SOL, DLN, ECOTECT, and RADIANCE. Thermal analysis was carried out by means of computer simulations with the IDA ICE software. It was verified that diagonal axial orientations relative to the north ͑rotated in 45°͒ provide higher daylighting potentials to buildings located in urban canyons. With regard to the thermal effect of varying the aspect ratio in an east-west street axis, results confirm daylighting simulations, showing the interrelation between both comfort parameters.
Urbanization is commonly associated to densification, which may lead to upward growth or urban consolidation. High-rise buildings with a given height (H) relative to a certain street width (W) create what may be termed urban canyons. The present study evaluates the potential of having optimal daylighting conditions as a function of urban morphology for the city of Curitiba (25º25'50" S, 46º16'15" W), where street axes designated to allow densification (in the so called Structural Sector of the city) may lead to the formation of urban canyons by not imposing height restrictions to existing buildings. Daylight analysis was based on software simulations with Luz do Sol, DLN, ECOTECT and RADIANCE. It was verified that diagonal axial orientations relative to the North (rotated in 45º) provide higher daylighting potentials to buildings located in urban canyons. From the obtained results, height restrictions are suggested for such buildings and for different axial orientations in the Structural Sector of Curitiba.
The effects of urbanization on the local climate in Kanto in August 2006 were analyzed, focusing on the statistical analysis of the warmest days of this period in Tokyo. By utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting mesoscale model (WRF), there were 8 events of sultry nights found in the simulation, when the temperature did not decrease below 25°C from late afternoon to the next morning in the WRF default; however, the number of events increased to 11 with the incorporation of anthropogenic energy (AE) and to 14 using the urban canopy model (UCM). The incorporation of AE and UCM augmented the ensemble air temperature by 0.5°C and 0.9°C, respectively, during the analysis period. Simultaneously, AE and UCM improved the accuracy of nighttime predictions, although these parameterizations tended to overestimate the real temperatures in the afternoon by up to 0.9°C. Moreover, urban parameterizations may greatly divert the wind direction, which may subsequently diminish the mixing ratio and enhance the air temperature.
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