We report four cases of vaginal recurrence after cystectomy for bladder cancer. Vaginal recurrences are relatively rare and patients who have undergone previous surgery and radiation to pelvic organs, or patients with tumour of the bladder neck and urethra appear to be at high risk. It is very important to know the predisposing factors in order to adopt appropriate surgical therapy.
Starting by analysing the atheist's character, Mandeville gets gradually closer to Bayle's thesis on virtuous atheism, but he takes a different turn, and maintains that a society without religion cannot exist because atheism goes against a natural passion, fear of invisible causes. In order to understand Mandeville's position on this last point, in the second part of this essay I will consider his reflection on the origin and on the social and political functions of religion.
This article analyses how Mandeville's Treatise of the hypochodriack and hysterick passions (1711) was received in the medical environment, and I show that this work, in spite of being unusual and of a satirical nature, was seriously read and studied by eighteenth-century physicians. In the second part I will describe hypochondria as it is intended in the Treatise, with particular attention to talking therapy. In the third part I will show that in the Fable of the bees and in the Enquiry into the origin of honour hypochondria is associated with a frustration of the desire to be esteemed, and that in light of the theory of self-liking expressed in the Fable, it is possible to account for talking therapy's effectiveness as theorised in the Treatise.
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