Purpose The management of cervical facet dislocation injuries remains controversial. The main purpose of this investigation was to identify whether a surgeon's geographic location or years in practice influences their preferred management of traumatic cervical facet dislocation injuries. Methods A survey was sent to 272 AO Spine members across all geographic regions and with a variety of practice experience. The survey included clinical case scenarios of cervical facet dislocation injuries and asked responders to select preferences among various diagnostic and management options. Results A total of 189 complete responses were received. Over 50% of responding surgeons in each region elected to initiate management of cervical facet dislocation injuries with an MRI, with 6 case exceptions. Overall, there was considerable agreement between American and European responders regarding management of these injuries, with only 3 cases exhibiting a significant difference. Additionally, results also exhibited considerable management agreement between those with ≤ 10 and > 10 years of practice experience, with only 2 case exceptions noted. Conclusion More than half of responders, regardless of geographical location or practice experience, identified MRI as a screening imaging modality when managing cervical facet dislocation injuries, regardless of the status of the spinal cord and prior to any additional intervention. Additionally, a majority of surgeons would elect an anterior approach for the surgical management of these injuries. The study found overall agreement in management preferences of cervical facet dislocation injuries around the globe.
Objective To assess the incidence of facet effusion in lumbosacral spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the relationship with radiographic segmental instability in patients submitted to spinal surgery. Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients submitted to lumbosacral spine surgery over a period of three years, through the evaluation of dynamic radiographs (X-ray) motion and facet effusion in axial section of MRI. Instability was defined as vertebral translation > 3 mm or intervertebral angle > 10º, and facet effusion as fluid in the facet joints > 1.5 mm. Results The total number of patients that fulfilled the criteria for analysis was 244, of which 47 presented movement (≤ 3 mm) and 31 presented excessive movement (> 3 mm), 115 had facet effusion (≤ 1.5 mm) and 46 presented excessive fluid (> 1.5 mm). Statistical analysis did not demonstrate a significant association between increased segmental movement and facet effusion (p = 0.150). Conclusions The total incidence of facet effusion was 47.1% and the excessive fluid was 18.9%.There was no association between facet effusion in MRI and instability in dynamic X-ray. MRI does not replace dynamic X-ray in flexion and extension in the evaluations of lumbar instability. Level of evidence III; Retrospective Cohort.
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