A strong and similar inhibition of plasma DHT was found after 1 week of treatment with the topical and tablet finasteride ormulations, albeit finasteride plasma exposure was significantly lower with the topical than with the oral product (p < 0.0001).
Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by a shift of the physiological flora to a diverse spectrum of bacteria, where Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae are the most important markers. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of nifuratel against G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, and lactobacilli was compared with that of the two currently used antibiotics metronidazole and clindamycin. Results suggest that nifuratel has a better spectrum of activity, being highly active against G. vaginalis and A. vaginae without affecting lactobacilli.The microbial flora of the vagina contains high concentrations of a composite population of bacteria (11,21). It is dominated mainly by lactobacilli that maintain an acidic pH by H 2 O 2 and lactic acid production (14). Alterations in this ecosystem can lead to bacterial vaginosis (BV) and Candida vaginitis, which account for 90% of vaginal infections (10).BV is a polymicrobial syndrome characterized by alteration of the vaginal flora, where the normally occurring Lactobacillus species are overgrown by endogenous bacteria (24). In particular, high concentrations of Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae have been shown to be important microbiological markers (1,18,27). The association between the presence of A. vaginae and BV has been highlighted only recently (8), thanks to its detection by molecular techniques. Although its exact role is not yet fully understood, the association between A. vaginae and BV is well established (1,17,18,27), as is its involvement, together with G. vaginalis, in the biofilm present on the vaginal epithelium during BV (25).The therapies of choice for BV are systemic or topical metronidazole and clindamycin. Previous studies reported cure rates of 70 to 96% for both antibiotics, with recurrence rates of 49 to 66%, following 7 days of therapy (2, 13, 16).Inadequate diagnosis (23), pharmacologic resistance (20), and persistence of an adherent bacterial biofilm after treatment (26) seem to be the main reasons for failures of BV treatment and eradication, as well as the presence of a complex microbial population with putative resistance to antimicrobials.Nifuratel is a nitrofuran derivative with strong activity against Trichomonas vaginalis (4, 7) and a broad spectrum of antibacterial action (7,19,22). The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of nifuratel in the treatment of BV and compare it with metronidazole and clindamycin against G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, and lactobacilli.The bacterial strains tested were both clinical isolates and reference strains. Clinical isolates from vaginal swabs (provided by Maditest, Vevey, Switzerland) were grown and identified following standard protocols. In addition, Lactobacillus strains were identified by DNA amplification and sequencing Stock solutions of nifuratel (Polichem, Lugano-Pazzallo, Switzerland) and metronidazole (Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany) were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; SigmaAldrich) to a concentration of 51.2 mg/ml. Clindamycin (SigmaAldrich) was dissolved in water t...
The novel finasteride 0.25% solution applied o.d. at the doses of 100 and 200 μL results in an appropriate inhibition of scalp DHT potentially minimizing the untoward sexual side-effects linked to a systemic DHT reduction.
A randomised, double blind, parallel groups, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety profile of 250 mg ascorbic acid (Vit. C, Vagi C) in women with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Overall, 277 out-patients with at least three of the following signs (white discharge that smoothly coats the vaginal walls, pH of vaginal fluid > 4.5, a fishy odour of vaginal discharge before or after addition of 10% KOH and presence of clue cells on microscopic examination) were randomised to apply a tablet deeply into the vagina once daily for 6 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the cure rate, defined as the recovery of all inclusion criteria. In the intent-to-treat (ITT) population, cure was achieved by 55.3% of patients with Vit. C (n=141) and by 25.7% of patients with placebo (n=136). The between-group difference was 29.6% (p < 0.001). In the per-protocol (PP) population, cure rate was 66.4% with Vit. C (n=116) and 27.1% with placebo (n = 118), respectively. Between-group difference was 39.3% (p < 0.001). In a subset of patients with centralised evaluation of the vaginal swab, cure in ITT was achieved by 86.3% of patients with Vit. C (n=51) and by 7.6% of patients with placebo (n=53), the between-group difference was 78.7% (p < 0.0001). Cure rate in PP was 86.0% with Vit. C (n=50) and 6.1% with placebo (n=49), between-group difference was 79.9% (p < 0.0001). Both Vit. C and placebo were well tolerated and no differences in safety profile were evident between groups. The results support an effective and safe use of silicon-coated Vit. C vaginal tablets in the management of BV.
The development of a topical agent that would strengthen the nail, improve the natural barrier, and provide better drug penetration to the nail bed is needed. In this study, we examined the effects of a hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCH)-based nail solution using a bovine hoof model. Following application of the nail solution, changes in the hardness of the hoof samples were measured using the Vickers method. Tensile and flexural strengths were tested by stretching or punching the samples, respectively. The ultrastructure was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and samples stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain were used to determine the fungal penetration depth. The comparators included 40% urea and 70% isopropyl alcohol solutions. The HPCH nail solution increased hoof sample hardness in comparison to the untreated control sample (
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