RESUMO: O texto examina a constituição histórica dos processos de desenvolvimento do capitalismo a partir do século XVI, com a urbanização e a burocratização das instituições de poder, a ampliação da divisão do trabalho e a introdução da técnica, analisando-os como imperativos da generalização da educação escolar. Integrando as contribuições de clássicos como Weber, Marx, Bourdieu, Lobrot, entre outros, compreende-se o surgimento e a recriação de conceitos e práticas como: disciplina, coerção, trabalho, obediência, hierarquia, conformismo, êxito, nas suas formas contemporâneas, estruturadoras tanto da empresa capitalista como da administração pública. Dessa lógica decorre a crítica das organizações na sociedade atual, entre as quais a escola.Palavras-chave: Organização. Capitalismo. Escola. Burocracia. Reprodução. School as a complex organization ABSTRACT:The text explores the historical constitution of the capitalism's development processes from the sixteenth century forward, with the urbanization and bureaucratization of power institutions, the expansion of labor division and the introduction of technique, analyzing them as imperatives of school's education generalization. By gathering contributions by classic authors such as Weber, Marx, Bourdieu, Lobrot and others, we try and understand the emergence and re-creation of concepts and practices such as discipline, coercion, labor, obedience, hierarchy, conformity, success in their contemporary forms, structuring both capitalist enterprises and public administration. From this logic, the critique of organizations in today's society comes up, school included.
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