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Este estudo determinou as características cefalométricas dos indivíduos portadores de Padrão Face Longa em comparação com indivíduos Padrão I. Um total de 73 telerradiografias em norma lateral, sendo 34 Padrão Face Longa e 39 Padrão I, foram selecionadas com base na morfologia facial, não considerando as relações oclusais e sagitais. Foram avaliados: padrão de crescimento facial, alturas faciais anteriores e posterior, relação maxilo-mandibular, além das relações dentárias com suas bases apicais. De uma forma geral, os indivíduos Padrão Face Longa apresentaram grandes desvios em relação aos indivíduos Padrão I, sendo a doença decorrente de um desequilíbrio entre os componentes verticais. Pôde-se observar que os valores das grandezas AFAT, AFAI, AFATperp, AFAIperp, 1-PP, 6-PP, 1-PM, SNB, ANB, ângulo goníaco, ângulo plano mandibular, além das proporções AFAI/AFAT e AFAIperp/AFATperp, estavam significantemente alterados para os indivíduos Padrão Face Longa. Com base nos resultados obtidos neste estudo, verificou-se que esses indivíduos caracterizavam-se pelo padrão de crescimento vertical e por um aumento da altura facial anterior inferior - conseqüentemente, da altura facial anterior total - estando a deformidade localizada abaixo do plano palatino. Foram observados ainda um retrognatismo maxilar e mandibular, além da presença de extrusão dentária anterior (superior e inferior) e póstero-superior, com os incisivos superiores bem posicionados em suas bases e os inferiores lingualizados.

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As características cefalométricas de uma amostra de 30 pacientes brasileiros, adultos, leucodermas, Padrão I, selecionados a partir da avaliação morfológica de fotografias do perfil, foram estudadas em telerradiografias laterais com o objetivo de definir um padrão de referência, considerando-se as médias e, principalmente, os desvios padrões para estudos comparativos com amostras portadoras de discrepâncias esqueléticas. Na avaliação do padrão de crescimento facial obteve-se 9,4°± 3,2° para o ângulo do plano palatino e 121,4°± 5,3° para o ângulo goníaco, ambos apresentando dimorfismo sexual. O ângulo do plano mandibular apresentou média de 29,2°± 4,2°, sem diferença entre os gêneros. Os valores obtidos para as alturas faciais total, inferior, média e posterior foram, respectivamente, 123,0mm± 8,3mm; 68,8mm± 6,6mm; 55,9mm± 3,5mm e 62,6mm± 4,7mm. Todas essas variáveis foram significativamente maiores no gênero masculino. Os valores das medidas que definiram a relação maxilo-mandibular corroboraram o equilíbrio esquelético da amostra, pois observou-se 82,2° ± 2,9° para o SNA; 79,8° ± 2,5° para o SNB e 2,4° ± 1,4° para o ANB, sem dimorfismo sexual. Os valores obtidos para os comprimentos efetivos da maxila e da mandíbula foram 95,2mm ± 5,7mm e 124,2mm ± 8,2mm, respectivamente, sendo as variáveis do gênero feminino significativamente menores que as do masculino. Os incisivos superiores e inferiores apresentaram-se mais inclinados que as médias da literatura, ou seja, 115,2° ± 5,5° para o 1.PP e 93,9° ± 5,7° para o IMPA.

BackgroundAn efficient orthodontic treatment must aim the best occlusal result in the shortest possible time. One of the factors that can interfere in this goal is the bracket debonding during the treatment. This study aimed at assessing the different factors related to brackets failure, highlighting age and patient cooperation with treatment.MethodsThe sample comprised 199 orthodontic patients of both genders (103 women and 96 men); divided into two groups—adolescents (12 to 18 years old, 118 patients) and adults (19 to 59 years old, 81 patients). A questionnaire was applied regarding the motivation of patients to seek treatment and whether they had received information on appliance care; patients also filled out their level of cooperation with treatment in a visual analog scale (VAS). Additionally, other variables were assessed, such as the teeth with bracket debonding, the presence of deep overbite, and the use of bite plate. The Mann-Whitney test was used, and a 5% significance level was applied for analyses.ResultsIt was observed that 20.1% of patients presented at least one tooth with bracket failure, and the lower arch was the most prevalent site (47.5%). Adolescents presented more debonding (25.4%) than adults (12.3%). Individuals with better VAS scores on cooperation sought treatment on their own (p = 0.042), were adults (p ≤ 0.001), and showed lower rate of failure of brackets (p ≤ 0.001). The factors related to malocclusion and treatment performed had no statistical significance.ConclusionGreater cooperation was expected from adult individuals who sought treatment on their own and presented low rate of bracket failure.

Dental arches areas with teeth presenting dentoalveolar ankylosis and replacement root resorption can be considered as presenting normal bone, in full physiological remodeling process; and osseointegrated implants can be successfully placed. Bone remodeling will promote osseointegration, regardless of presenting ankylosis and/or replacement root resorption. After 1 to 10 years, all dental tissues will have been replaced by bone. The site, angulation and ideal positioning in the space to place the implant should be dictated exclusively by the clinical convenience, associated with previous planning. One of the advantages of decoronation followed by dental implants placement in ankylosed teeth with replacement resorption is the maintenance of bone volume in the region, both vertical and horizontal. If possible, the buccal part of the root, even if thin, should be preserved in the preparation of the cavity for the implant, as this will maintain gingival tissues looking fully normal for long periods. In the selection of cases for decoronation, the absence of microbial contamination in the region - represented by chronic periapical lesions, presence of fistula, old unconsolidated root fractures and active advanced periodontal disease - is important. Such situations are contraindications to decoronation. However, the occurrence of dentoalveolar ankylosis and replacement resorption without contamination should neither change the planning for implant installation, nor the criteria for choosing the type and brand of dental implant to be used. Failure to decoronate and use dental implants has never been reported.

The magnitude of apical root resorption in maxillary incisors in patients with anterior crowding was similar regardless of orthodontic technique, lingual or conventional. Both techniques resulting in an apical rounding considered clinically insignificant.