Engineer species transform ecosystems due to their own growth, constitute an integral part of altered environments, and provide new habitats for other species, thus affecting biodiversity and the ecosystem. On rocky shores inside Antofagasta Bay (Northern Chile), the alien ascidian Pyura praeputialis, an engineer species, creates broad belts and dense 3-dimensional matrices that modify the intertidal habitat structure. In all, 116 species of macro-invertebrates and algae inhabit this habitat, compared with the 66 species inhabiting adjacent intertidal rocky shores which lack P. praeputialis. Of the 145 species recorded at the seascape scale (encompassing both mid-intertidal habitat), 55% were found exclusively in intertidal P. praeputialis matrices. Along the coastal gradient, patterns in β-diversity emerge due to the addition of a new set of species to the community inhabiting the P. praeputialis matrices and, to a lesser extent, from spatial turnover. We found differences in the shape of the species frequency distribution between the communities inhabiting the engineered and non-engineered mid-intertidal habitats. However, within the same habitat type, there was no difference in the species frequency distribution between functional groups. Occurrence of macro-algae was not affected by habitat type, but occurence of macro-invertebrates increased significantly in P. praeputialis matrices. P. praeputialis increases species richness at local and seascape scales by providing a novel mid-intertidal habitat which is used by mobile and vagile macro-invertebrates that otherwise would remain excluded from this intertidal level.KEY WORDS: Pyura praeputialis matrices · Ecosystem engineer · Intertidal seascapes · α-and β-diversity · Species frequency distribution · Northern ChileResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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The Piratininga-Itaipu Lagoon System and its drainage basin, located on the southeastern coast of Brazil, Niterói (RJ), has been the target of an intense process of urbanization over the last four decades. As a result of this process, both the lagoon and the adjacent sea area have shown signs of eutrophication due to the release of large quantities of domestic sewage semi (or not) treated. In an attempt to minimize these effects, in 2008 the government re-established a connection between the Piratininga lagoon and the sea. To evaluate changes and variations in the balance of dissolved inorganic nutrients, before and after interventions, the geochemical model of two stoichiometric mass balance boxes of the "LOICZ Program” (Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone) was used. The salt and water balance showed different water residence times in the Piratininga lagoon for the two periods: 2005-2006 (before the opening of the connection between the Piratininga lagoon and the sea) and 2009-2010 (after the opening of the connection with the sea). The first period showed a value about two times higher than that obtained for 2009-2010, τ = 83 and 39 days respectively. The water residence time of the Itaipu lagoon did not show great variations between the two periods (τ = 9 and 8 days). For the period of 2005-2006, before the opening of the connection with the sea, both the lagoons were autotrophic (∆DIP > 0) and nitrogen loss was predominant (∆DIN < 0). The second period (2009-2010) was characterized by changes only in the trophic state of the Piratininga lagoon, which became heterotrophic (∆DIP > 0).

The Atacama Desert (21-26˚S) is currently one of the driest places on Earth and metal(loid) s are of special concern for this region, which hosts the largest-known porphyry copper deposits produced in Chile. Evidence of past environmental conditions is commonly preserved in natural archives, such as lacustrine sediments. Sediment records obtained from Inca Coya Lake (22˚20'S-68˚35'W, 2534 m.a.s.l.), a small lake located in the Atacama Desert, reflected the evolution of regional mining activity during the 20 th century and sedimentation associated with decadal climate variability. We studied the aquatic community structure changes recorded in sediment records from Inca Coya Lake. By analysis of magnetic properties (susceptibility, hysteresis curves and Curie temperatures), grain size and geochemical composition of the sediments, we identified environmental periods and changes in the community of benthic and planktonic organisms (diatoms and diapausing egg bank). We identified three detrital episodes that we interpret as dry/wet phases during the last 90 years associated with the increase of flash flood events promoting hypoxia oscillations; anthropogenic (mining activity) signals were also identified. Invertebrate community structure (primary consumers) reflected the metal exposure, measured as changes in assemblage composition through species turnover. Diatom community composition was best associated with variables related to wetter/drier alternation and consequent changes in oxygen availability. Bioindicators analyzed (diatoms, diapausing egg bank and invertebrate community) demonstrated to be excellent indicators of the bioavailability of compounds in the aquatic ecosystem of Inca Coya Lake, allowing the environmental impact assessment of the water resources due to flash floods and mining activity in the driest desert of the world. Citation: Aránguiz-Acuña A, Luque JA, Pizarro H, Cerda M, Heine-Fuster I, Valdés J, et al. (2020) Aquatic community structure as sentinel of recent environmental changes unraveled from lake sedimentary records from the Atacama Desert, Chile. PLoS ONE 15(2): e0229453. https://doi.org/ 10.

Variación espacial y temporal de las masas de agua, nutrientes y sedimentación de la materia orgánica e inorgánica en la bahía Mejillones del sur (23º S), ChileSpatial and temporal variability of water masses, nutrients and sedimentation of organic and inorganic matter, in Mejillones del sur bay (23º S), Chile RESUMENDurante el verano austral de 2003-2004, se estudiaron las propiedades del material particulado que sedimenta en la bahía Mejillones del Sur, y la estructura físico-química de la columna de agua. Se encontraron aguas más cálidas y oxigenadas en la superficie, una clara estratificación entre 10 y 20 m de profundidad y aguas más frías, densas y subóxicas bajo los 30 m y hasta el fondo durante el periodo de estudio. La bahía se caracterizó por la interacción de tres masas de aguas: Agua Superficial Subtropical (ASST), Agua Subantártica (ASSA), Agua Subsuperficial Ecuatorial (AESS). Se puso en evidencia que eventos moderados y cortos de surgencia con duración entre tres a ocho días alternan con períodos más prolongados de estratificación de 29 días. Durante los eventos débiles de surgencia y en el inicio del evento de estratificación prevalecieron condiciones subóxicas a microóxicas con concentraciones de nutrientes más elevados en el estrato de los 10 a 15 m de profundidad. La variabilidad de los niveles de saturación de oxígeno disuelto (OD) y de nutrientes con las concentraciones de nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P) y ácido silícico (Si), y las razones de N:P y Si:NID en la superficie, indicaron la presencia de una dinámica importante de los procesos de reciclaje de la materia orgánica en la columna de agua, y del aporte alóctono de nutrientes durante la surgencia. Las variaciones quincenales de los flujos totales del material particulado colectado con trampas instaladas en la bahía, sugieren que la sedimentación del material en la columna de agua se encuentra gobernada por la alternancia entre los períodos de surgencia y de estratificación. Además en las trampas de sedimentación se observó un patrón de empobrecimiento de nitrógeno en función de la profundidad, lo que sugiere condiciones de remineralización y desnitrificación en las aguas oxido-reductoras de fondo de esta bahía.Palabras clave: bahía de Mejillones, Chile, nutrientes, sedimentación de partículas, surgencia. ABSTRACTThis study addresses the spatial and temporal variability of physical-chemical properties and sedimentation rates of particulate matter of the water column at a fixed station set within Bahía de Mejillones del Sur, during the austral summer of [2003][2004]. The water column was generally characterized by warmer oxygen-rich surface waters, marked stratification gradients between about 10 to 20 m depths and by colder, denser and sub-oxic upwelling waters from 30 m depths to the bottom throughout studied period. The bay was governed by three different water masses: the Surface Sub-Tropical Waters (SSTW), Sub-Antarctic Waters (SAAW) and the Equatorial Sub-Surface Waters (ESSW). The surface waters exhibited a clear alternation between w...