Scholars who focus on American Catholic history have not fully examined the relationship between slavery and Catholic identity in the United States. They have acknowledged that the Church tolerated—and even supported—the institution of slavery. Scholars have also explored the Catholic Church’s active opposition to the forces of abolitionism. They have not, however, considered the role that slavery may have played in shaping a distinctly “American” variety of Catholicism that was comfortable with the individualism and republicanism that defined American identity at the time of the Founding. This essay, therefore, explores the relationship between American slavery and American Catholicism.
In the spring of 1831, Methodist minister John Price Durbin delivered an evangelical sermon that assumed his listeners were familiar with the basic rules of science. “Are planetary worlds seen revolving in their orbits harmoniously and steadily?” he asked his rural Kentucky audience. “Is a little microscopic insect seen in the dust, or in the down of a peach, or in a drop of water?” The answer, of course, was yes—though Durbin saw no need to say so. His questions were merely rhetorical; the Methodists listening to his sermon knew, after all, that planetary worlds and microscopic insects existed, even if not all of them had had the opportunity to see these natural phenomena firsthand. Scientists had proved that the phenomena existed, and in 1831, the authority of science was to be trusted.
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