Direitos para esta edição cedidos à Atena Editora pelos autores. Todo o conteúdo deste livro está licenciado sob uma Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons. Atribuição-Não-Comercial-NãoDerivativos 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores, inclusive não representam necessariamente a posição oficial da Atena Editora. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais. Todos os manuscritos foram previamente submetidos à avaliação cega pelos pares, membros do Conselho Editorial desta Editora, tendo sido aprovados para a publicação com base em critérios de neutralidade e imparcialidade acadêmica. A Atena Editora é comprometida em garantir a integridade editorial em todas as etapas do processo de publicação, evitando plágio, dados ou resultados fraudulentos e impedindo que interesses financeiros comprometam os padrões éticos da publicação. Situações suspeitas de má conduta científica serão investigadas sob o mais alto padrão de rigor acadêmico e ético.
Direitos para esta edição cedidos à Atena Editora pelos autores. Todo o conteúdo deste livro está licenciado sob uma Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons. Atribuição-Não-Comercial-NãoDerivativos 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores, inclusive não representam necessariamente a posição oficial da Atena Editora. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais. Todos os manuscritos foram previamente submetidos à avaliação cega pelos pares, membros do Conselho Editorial desta Editora, tendo sido aprovados para a publicação com base em critérios de neutralidade e imparcialidade acadêmica.A Atena Editora é comprometida em garantir a integridade editorial em todas as etapas do processo de publicação, evitando plágio, dados ou resultados fraudulentos e impedindo que interesses financeiros comprometam os padrões éticos da publicação. Situações suspeitas de má conduta científica serão investigadas sob o mais alto padrão de rigor acadêmico e ético.
Pyrolysis temperature and application rate of biochar to soil can influence herbicide behavior and soil fertility. The objective was to investigate the effect of soil amendments with application rates of sugarcane straw biochar, produced at different pyrolysis temperatures, on the sorption–desorption of metribuzin in soil. The analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The treatments were three pyrolysis temperatures (BC350, BC550 and BC750 °C) and seven application rates (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 5 and 10% w w−1). Amended soil with different application rates decreased H + Al and increased pH, OC, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, CEC and BS contents. Kf values of sorption and desorption of metribuzin were 1.42 and 0.78 mg(1−1/n) L1/n Kg−1, respectively, in the unamended soil. Application rates < 1% of biochar sorbed ~23% and desorbed ~15% of metribuzin, similar to unamended soil, for all pyrolysis temperatures. Amended soil with 10% of BC350, BC550 and BC750 sorbed 63.8, 75.5 and 89.4% and desorbed 8.3, 5.8 and 3.7% of metribuzin, respectively. High pyrolysis temperature and application rates of sugarcane straw biochar show an ability to immobilize metribuzin and improve soil fertility, which may influence the effectiveness in weed control.
Knowledge about the residual effect of herbicides is important in order to increase agronomic efficacy and reduce environmental problems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of oxyfluorfen and linuron in three soils. Pots of 0.35 dm3 were filled with three Brazilian soils: Ultisol, Oxisol, and Inceptisol. Then, the herbicides were applied at different times at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 200 days and the bioindicator species of linuron and oxyfluorfen were sown. Then, the injury was evaluated at 7, 14, and 21 days after emergence (DAE) to find the half-life of the herbicide residue level (RL50) and the dose of herbicide that provides a 50% reduction in dry matter (GR50). In the soil with oxyfluorfen application, the RL50 at 21 DAE was 59, 57, and 51 days and GR50 was 49, 47, and 31 days for Ultisol, Oxisol, and Inceptisol, respectively. Soils with linuron application had RL50 of 75, 92, and 149 days and GR50 of 52, 48, and 120 days for Ultisol, Oxisol, and Inceptisol, respectively. The higher organic matter and clay content of Ultisol compared to Oxisol and Inceptisol resulted in a lower residual effect of linuron. There was little difference between soil type and the residual effect of oxyfluorfen, which may be related to the physicochemical characteristics of the molecule.
An integrated weed management system is perfectly aligned with the aim of producing healthy and environmentally sustainable vegetables. This integrated management is fundamental for vegetables, more than in other crops, due to its high commercial value, intensive culture, lack of competitiveness and low availability of registered herbicides. The integration of available weed control methods with a long-term strategy based on preventive and agronomic (cultural) practices is necessary to obtain a desired level of control, decrease the accumulation of the weed seed bank, increase weed diversity and decrease herbicide dependence and minimize their negative impacts. Thus, this book provides essential and updated subjects of information regarding the general characteristics of herbaceous vegetables, critical periods of control, main weeds in the crop, integrated management methods (preventive, cultural, physical, mechanical, biological and chemical); and it is intended for professors, researchers, extensionist, undergraduate and graduate students, rural producers and other professionals involved in the area of weed science.
The use of glyphosate in the desiccation of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu is a common practice in Brazilian agriculture; however, the effect of night application in this species is not clearly known. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of light availability on glyphosate efficiency in the control of U. brizantha. Seven herbicide doses (0, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1,440, and 2,160 g ha-1) in plants submitted to daytime application, followed by 24, 48, or 72 h of dark and night were evaluated. The accumulation of dry matter of U. brizantha, the visual evaluation of injuries, the doses that provided 50 and 80% of control (C50 and C80), and the doses that provided 50 and 80% reduction of dry matter (GR50 and GR80) at 7, 14, 21, 28 days after application (DAA) and at 30 days after cutting (regrowth) were determined. Satisfactory control (>80%) and the absence of regrowth were established from 1,440 g ha-1 in all treatments. However, injury reduction was observed in plants that remained 72 h in the dark relative to daytime treatment in all doses. The highest dose of glyphosate (2,160 g ha-1) reduced U .brizantha by 41, 15, and 3%. For the dose of 1,440 g ha-1 the reduction was 37, 16, and 6%, at 7, 14, and 21 DAA, respectively. The values of GR50 and GR80 decreased from regrowth (37 and 28% less relative to daytime treatment) for plants that were 72 h in the dark. The light favors the behavior of glyphosate in the plant, and therefore this herbicide should not be applied at night for the control of U. brizantha.
A simbiose entre plantas fitorremediadoras e microrganismos com atividade enzimática metabolizadora de herbicidas pode ser uma alternativa eficiente para remediação de solos contaminados com sulfentrazone. Objetivou-se avaliar a Crotalaria juncea (crotalária) inoculada com Bradyrhizobium sp. na fitorremediação do sulfentrazone e seus efeitos na biomassa microbiana do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), testando-se quatro doses de sulfentrazone (0, 400, 800 e 1200 g i.a. ha-1) na presença ou ausência da inoculação com Bradyrhizobium sp. BR2003 (SEMIA 6156). Após 65 dias de cultivo, as plantas foram cortadas, o solo foi coletado para as análises da biomassa microbiana e o bioensaio com o milheto. A inoculação com Bradyrhizobium sp. proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento em altura das plantas de crotalária, entretanto, o sistema radicular não foi influenciado pela adição do microrganismo. Os indicadores biológicos do solo mostraram que a inoculação com Bradyrhizobium sp. influenciou de maneira negativa na atividade microbiana dos solo. A crotalária apresentou boa tolerância aos níveis de sulfentrazone no solo, independentemente do inoculante. Os resultados sugerem que a inoculação da crotalária com Bradyrhizobium sp. não mostrou benefício na eficácia da remediação dos sulfentrazone, tendo a crotalaria melhor desempenho com os microrganismos nativos do solo.
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