Cassava starch-grafted polyacrylamide (CS-g-PAM) hydrogels were synthesized using a microwave-assisted method and K2O8S2 (KPS) as an initiator. In this study, we studied the influence of the amount of acrylamide and irradiation time on the properties of CS-g-PAM. The characterization of CS-g-PAM obtained was shown by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. To predict the behavior of the samples under reservoir conditions, the properties of CS-g-PAM, such as swelling ratio, water-solubility, and viscosity were determined as a function of temperature, salt concentration, and aging time. The FTIR spectra and SEM analysis of the CS-g-PAM confirmed that the polyacrylamide chains were successfully grafted onto the cassava starch backbone. The results showed that the increasing amount of acrylamide and the longer irradiation time improved the properties of CS-g-PAM. Preparation of CS-g-PAM with 10 g of acrylamide and 180 s of irradiation time resulted in the highest grafting percentage and water solubility, which was 1565.53 and 96.06%, respectively. Its viscosity also exceeded 97% after 15 days of aging. The results showed that CS-g-PAM expressed properties such as good thickening, temperature resistance, and salt resistance according to reservoir conditions. This finding indicated that CS-g-PAM has good potential for oil recovery applications.
<p><strong>ABSTRACT. </strong>Currently, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technology is being interested in the Indonesian state as an advanced technology that can recover oil remaining in the reservoir. The discovery of new resources and EOR efforts are predicted to result in increased oil production. This paper provides a review of main types of EOR methods, which are gas injection, thermal injection, and chemical injection; mechanism of polymer flooding; and biopolymer materials for EOR, attention were given to xanthan gum, cellulose, guar gum, and lignin. Polymer flooding is a low-cost chemical injection method with a high rate of success. Polymer flooding has several advantages, including improving oil recovery by minimizing residual oil saturation, decreasing water output from oil well, and requiring less water compared with water flooding. Since the use of polymer flooding in the EOR activities, there is a lot of potential that biopolymers are materials that play a significant role in the application of EOR technology, because environmentally friendly properties and have advantages over synthetic polymers. Biopolymer can be modified to nano materials or grafted with synthetic polymer to improve its properties and stability. It have shear, salinity, and temperature resistance, long-term stability, and large availability, so it making the right choice for applications in oil recovery.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> enhanced oil recovery, EOR, biopolymer, polymer flood, modification of biopolymer</p>
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