Initiation of traffic calming measures is on the challenging agenda of most cities, which are in pursuit of creating livable urban areas. However, previous studies on this research pointed out that the knowledge of the strategic aspects of application of these restrictions is insufficient, which is blocking further progression. Therefore a comprehensive policy assessment framework has been proposed and developed, which is combining modern modeling tools with reliable, well-tried appraisal methods. This work is another milestone of this broader research and its aim is to elaborate the modeling part of the framework enabling and establishing further works. The objective of this paper is to give an overview on this process and the result of which is a land-use and transport interaction model. In addition, it is also intended to practically test the model on a hypothetical case and to demonstrate its suitability.
Nowadays, one of the biggest and most challenging tasks of cities is the management of urban and suburban transport. The growth of mobility and motorization in the last centuries led into a social trap that only has recently been recognized through congestion and environmental problems. The issues mostly arise in areas where travel demand is at a high level, namely in large cities.Handling urban and suburban transport problems could significantly influence the competitiveness of cities. In times of economic crisis and climate change it is crucial how to use scarce resources, therefore cost-and energy efficiency are becoming more and more important factors. Under these circumstances transport sector is also about to realize that new travel demand management tools can diminish the negative impacts while reasonable mobility needs can be satisfied.In this paper the possible tools of travel demand management are categorized focusing on innovative measures. Recommendations are concluded through international best-practices in accordance with the method of Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning.Keywords travel demand management · travel behavior · sustainable transport systems · urban mobility planning
Assessment of travel time reliability as a fundamental factor in travel behaviour has become a very important aspect in both transport modelling and economic appraisal. Improved reliability could provide a significant economic benefit if it is adequately calculated in cost-benefit analyses for which the theoretical background has already been set. However, methods to forecast travel time reliability as well as travel behaviour models including its effects are rather scarce and there is a need for development in this field. Another important aspect could be the influencing factor of reliability in travel demand management and related policy-making. Therefore, this paper intends to further analyse reliability focusing exclusively on urban road transport based on automatic measurements of journey times and traffic volumes from a dataset of the city of Budapest. The main finding and the novelty of the study is a model which can forecast the standard deviation of travel times based on the volume-capacity ratio and the free-flow travel time. The paper also provides a real-life numerical experiment in which the proposed model has been compared with other, existing ones. It proves that besides existing mean-delay-based models, travel time reliability can be forecasted based on the volume-capacity ratio with an adequate accuracy.
In road traffic, speed-flow curves describe the relationship between vehicle flow rates and average vehicle speeds. These functions are one of the basic elements of transport modelling and they are widely used in project appraisal. Review and re-validation of speed-flow relationship has become timely in recent years as vehicle fleet changed, average traffic volumes increased and more comprehensive, automatic data collection became available. This study used the database of the road operator in Budapest to simultaneously analyse travel times and traffic volumes. The paper aims to examine the validity of the well-known fundamental diagram for urban roads, to provide an estimation for the speed-flow curve based on the Budapest case and to assess the on-set process of congestion.
This paper intends to show that despite limited data availability it is still possible to elaborate semi-sophisticated LUTI models which can be a stepping stone for countries that are less developed in terms of transport modelling practice but eager to improve. It provides an outline of the model and of the calibrating process which was based on data from the city of Budapest. Based on the results it is undeniable that excluding land-use effects of transport in modelling could cause a serious distortion even in a shorter time period. It seems that such land-use effects and feedbacks can no longer be disregarded as it is not in accordance with the desire of improving transport modelling practice. From this aspect, the proposed approach is practical and can overcome general obstacles of time, cost and data availability issues. The next step should be to carry out tests for the estimation of real transport investments and compare the results with other models.
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