Dimensional analysis is applied to one form of fire growth in a compartment to derive two indices for the classification of linings, an ignitability index and a rate of heat release index, that can be combined into a fire growth parameter, which here is made proportional to the time to flashover in the internationally standardized Room/Corner Test. The ignitability index is the inverse of the time to ignition. The rate of heat release index is obtained by integrating the rate of heat release in time, weighted in such a way that the values of rate of heat release immediately after ignition are of higher importance than those at later times. Both indices are determined from test results of the Cone Calorimeter.
A one-dimensional thermal 6ame spread model was applied to predict the rate of heat release in the single burning item (SBI) test on the basis of the cone calorimeter data. The input parameters were selected according to the features of the SBI test and using particle board as a model tuning material. The features of the measured and calculated rate of heat release curves were compared for a series of 33 building products. The 5re growth rate (FIGRA) indices were calculated to predict the classi5cation in the forthcoming Euroclass system. The model gave correct classi5cation for 90% of the products studied. An essential feature of the model is that only one cone calorimeter test at the exposure level of 50 kW m ؊ 2 is needed. The model, therefore, provides a practical tool for product development and quality control.
An experimental study of boilover phenomena in connection with crude oil and kerosene pool fires was carried out in the large scale test facilities of the Fire Research Institute of Japan. Arabian light crude oil was burned in steel pans ranging from a circular one with a diameter of 0.3 m to a square one with a 2.7 m side. An oil layer of 10 mm to 100 mm was floating on water in the pans.The intensity of boilover was found to increase with increasing fuel thickness. An almost tenfold increase in the amount of unburned residue was found to occur as the layer thickness was increased from 40 mm to 50 mm, Resul ts of measurements of liquid and gas temperatures, burning rates and radiative heat outputs are reported.
In the EC-sponsored CBUF (Combustion Behaviour of Upholstered Furniture) study three different models were developed for using Cone Calorimeter results to predict full-scale furniture burning. Model I is a correlation-based approach and has the most comprehensive coverage of styles and furniture types. Model II is based on areaconvolution. It has been developed, so far, for several of the common upholstered furniture styles. Model III is based on an extension of a thermal flame spread model and is here developed only for mattresses. Models II and III offer the prediction of the burning item's time history, while Model I computes the peak HRR, the time to peak, and several other primary characteristics. The predictability of all three models is good. At present, the models presented do not consider furniture with plastic frames, and only a limited predictability is offered for office-type furnitures items which contain a hard-plastic shell. The models offer a very significant improvement over the existing state of the art.
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