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In patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 in CORONADO study, 2.8% had a newly discovered diabetes (NDD): mean age 60.2±12.5 years and HbA 1C 9.0±2.5 %. When compared with center, age and sex-matched patients with established type 2 diabetes, NDD was not significantly associated with a more severe COVID-19 prognosis.

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with diabetes were rapidly recognized as a high-risk population for severe disease. Indeed, a high prevalence of diabetes among patients with COVID-19 who required hospitalization has been consistently reported, reaching 33.8% in 5,700 people hospitalized for COVID-19 in New York City area (1). In addition, diabetes was associated with more than a double risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and more than a triple risk of death (2). However, precise data regarding the type of diabetes are scarce. We report here the clinical characteristics and early prognosis of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) hospitalized for COVID-19 in the nationwide multicenter observational CORONADO (CORONAvirus-SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes Outcomes) study (3).

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Background The identification of circulating biomarkers associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is useful for improving the current prevention strategies in the most at-risk patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of plasma apolipoprotein concentrations in prediabetes subjects with the incidence of new-onset T2D during follow-up. Methods In the IT-DIAB prospective study, 307 participants with impaired fasting glucose levels (fasting plasma glucose [FPG]: 110–125 mg/dL) were followed yearly for 5 years. The onset of T2D was defined as a first FPG value ≥ 126 mg/dL during follow-up. Apolipoprotein (apo)A-I, A-II, A-IV, B100, C-I, C-II, C-III, C-IV, D, E, F, H, J, L1, M, and (a) plasma concentrations were determined by mass spectrometry. Correlations between apolipoproteins and metabolic parameters at baseline were assessed by Spearman’s coefficients. Kaplan–Meier curves were drawn using a ternary approach based on terciles and incident T2D. The association between plasma apolipoproteins concentrations and the incidence of T2D was determined using Cox proportional-hazards models. Results During a median follow-up of 5-year, 115 participants (37.5%) developed T2D. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, FPG, HbA1c, and statin use, the plasma levels of apoC-I, apoC-II, apoC-III, apoE, apoF, apoH, apoJ, and apoL1 were positively associated with a high risk for T2D. After further adjustment for plasma triglycerides, only apoE (1 SD natural-log-transformed hazard ratio: 1.28 [95% confidence interval: 1.06; 1.54]; p = 0.010), apoF (1.22 [1.01; 1.48]; p = 0.037), apoJ (1.24 [1.03; 1.49]; p = 0.024), and apoL1 (1.26 [1.05; 1.52]; p = 0.014) remained significantly associated with the onset of T2D. Kaplan–Meier survival curves also showed that the lower third of plasma apoE levels (< 5.97 mg/dL) was significantly associated with a lower risk of conversion to T2D (log-rank test, p = 0.002) compared to the middle and upper thirds. Conclusions The plasma apoE levels are positively associated with the risk of T2D in prediabetes subjects, independently of traditional risk factors. The possible associations of apoF, apoJ, and apoL1 with T2D risk also pave the way for further investigations. Trial registration This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01218061 and NCT01432509

Objective This study assessed the impact of a history of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) on the clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and severe obesity hospitalized for COVID‐19. Methods In this post hoc analysis from the nationwide observational CORONADO (Coronavirus SARS‐CoV2 and Diabetes Outcomes) study, patients with T2D and a history of MBS were matched with patients without MBS for age, sex, and BMI either at the time of MBS or on admission for COVID‐19. The composite primary outcome (CPO) combined invasive mechanical ventilation and/or death within 7 and 28 days following admission. Results Out of 2,398 CORONADO participants, 20 had a history of MBS. When matching for BMI at the time of MBS and after adjustment for diabetes duration, the CPO occurred less frequently within 7 days (3 vs. 17 events, OR: 0.15 [0.01 to 0.94], p = 0.03) and 28 days (3 vs. 19 events, OR: 0.11 [0.01 to 0.71], p = 0.02) in patients with MBS (n = 16) vs. controls (n = 44). There was no difference in CPO rate between patients with MBS and controls when matching for BMI on admission. Conclusions These data are reassuring regarding COVID‐19 prognosis in patients with diabetes and a history of MBS compared with those without MBS.

Objective: Male sex is a determinant of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to characterize sex differences in severe outcomes in adults with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods: We performed a sex-stratified analysis of clinical and biological features and outcomes (i.e. invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV], death, intensive care unit [ICU] admission and home discharge at day 7 [D7] or day 28 [D28]) in 2,380 patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 and included in the nationwide CORONADO observational study (NCT04324736). Results: The study population was predominantly male (63.5%). After multiple adjustments, female sex was negatively associated with the primary outcome (IMV and/or death, OR 0.66 [0.49-0.88]), death (OR 0.49 [0.30-0.79]) and ICU admission (OR 0.57 [0.43-0.77]) at D7, but only with ICU admission (OR 0.58 [0.43-0.77]) at D28. Older age and a history of microvascular complications were predictors of death at D28 in both sexes, while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was predictive of death in women only. At admission, CRP, AST and eGFR predicted death in both sexes. Lymphocytopenia was an independent predictor of death in women only, while thrombocytopenia and elevated plasma glucose concentration were predictors of death in men only. Conclusions: In patients with diabetes admitted for COVID-19, female sex was associated with lower incidence of early severe outcomes, but did not influence the overall in-hospital mortality, suggesting that diabetes mitigates the female protection from COVID-19 severity. Sex-associated biological determinants may be useful to optimize COVID-19 prevention and management in women and men.

Objective: Pituitary adenoma (PA) is one of the three major components of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). Recent studies have suggested that MEN1-associated PAs are less aggressive than initially estimated. We propose an analysis of the outcome of PAs with standard of care treatment in a nationwide cohort of MEN1 patients. Design: Retrospective observational nationwide cohort study using the MEN1 patient registry from the French Group of Endocrine Tumours (GTE). Methods: The GTE database population consists of 1,435 patients with MEN1. This analysis focused on 551 patients recruited after 2000 with at least 3 years of follow-up. The study outcome was tumour progression of PA defined by an increase in Hardy classification (HC) during follow-up according to referring physician regular reports. Results: Among 551 MEN1 patients (index and related), 202 (36.7%) had PA, with 114 (56.4%) diagnosed by MEN1-related screening. PAs were defined according to HC as microadenoma (grade I) in 117 cases (57.9%), macroadenoma in 59 (29.2%) with 20 HC grade II and 39 HC grade III-IV and unspecified in 26 (12.8%). They were prolactinomas in 92 cases (45.5%) and non-secreting in 73 (36.1%). After a median follow-up of 3 years among the 137 patients with HC grades I-II, 4 patients (2.9%) presented tumour progression. Conclusion: PAs in patients with MEN1 are less aggressive than previously thought. Tumour progression is rare with standard of care monitoring and treatment, especially in related patients who mostly present non-secreting microadenoma. MRI monitoring for asymptomatic MEN1 patients should be reduced accordingly.