This paper aims at estimating the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for the sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions in a panel of 28 Chinese provinces. First, using a fixed effects model, econometric findings reveal an N shape EKC with a turning point of 4500 yuans (index 1990). However, a Chow test reveals a break in 1995, so that the estimation of the model indicates an increasing linear relationship between GDP per capita and SO 2 emissions. The previous results imply that the decrease of the Chinese sulphur dioxide emissions during 1996-1999 did not result from the ECK but from an exogenous public action.
This article aims at assessing the sustainability of fiscal policies in a panel of six South-Mediterranean countries, namely Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey. First, using panel data unit-root tests proposed by Im et al. (2003), Maddala and Wu (1999), and Choi (2001), econometric findings reveal that the variables of public expenditure, revenue and domestic debt in level are not stationary. However, employing panel cointegration tests designed by Pedroni (1999), it is found that government spending and revenue are cointegrated. This implies that fiscal policies in these countries are sustainable in the long run, i.e. they are consistent with inter-temporal budget balance in accordance with the present-value approach.
This article aims to assess the sustainability of fiscal policies in a panel of eight EU New Member States, namely Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia. First, using panel data unit-root tests, econometric findings show that the variables public expenditure and revenue are not stationary. However, employing panel cointegration tests, it is found that government spending and revenue are cointegrated. This implies that fiscal policies in these countries are sustainable in the long run, i.e. they are consistent with inter-temporal budget balance in accordance with the present-value approach. Finally, these results are confirmed if we exclude the countries with sound public finances, namely the three Baltic States and Slovenia: we obtain the same conclusion with a panel comprising Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Poland and the Slovak Republic.
This paper aims at assessing the fiscal sustainability and its political determinants in seven Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC), namely Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. First, using the recent sustainability approach of Bohn (1998) based on fiscal reaction function, econometric findings using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) reveal a positive response of the primary surplus to changes in debt in several countries. In other words, fiscal policy is sustainable in Baltic countries, Slovenia and Slovakia, but not in Poland and in the Czech Republic. Second, by introducing political dummy variables, we test the electoral budget cycle and the partisan cycle theories. We find the presence of electoral and partisan cycle in Poland but not in the rest of our countries
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